02187nas a2200301   4500008004100000020001400041245022800055210006900283260004900352300000900401490000800410520119900418653001201617653002001629653001601649653001701665653001401682653001101696653001601707653001601723653001501739653002001754653001401774653001101788100002101799700002101820856004401841       2011                        eng d  a0013-874600aEcologically and morphologically remarkable new cosmet moth species of the genus <i>Hyposmocoma </i>(Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, with reference to the spectacular diversity of larval cases0 aEcologically and morphologically remarkable new cosmet moth spec  bEntomological Society of Americac2011/01/01  a1-150 v1043 aHyposmocoma is an endemic Hawaiian moth genus with >330 recognized species occupying a remarkable range of ecological habits and exhibiting a high degree of variation typical of adaptive radiations. Within this diverse genus, some species have evolved intriguing and globally rare lifestyles, such as predatory or aquatic caterpillars. There are still many undescribed species in the genus, and no current work succinctly covers the range of their diversity. We describe nine new species in an attempt to demonstrate some of the remarkable ecological and phenotypic diversity displayed by species in the genus in a concise format: Hyposmocoma carnivora sp. nov. from the island of Hawaii; Hyposmocoma eliai sp. nov. Hyposmocoma nohomaalewa sp. nov., and Hyposmocoma waikamoi sp. nov. from the island of Kauai; and Hyposmocoma papaiili sp. nov., Hyposmocoma pukoa sp. nov., Hyposmocoma pupumoehewa sp. nov., Hyposmocoma opuulaau sp. nov., and Hyposmocoma waikamoi sp. nov. from the island of Maui. Although the taxa presented here do not represent a monophyletic group with respect to the rest of Hyposmocoma, they represent some of the most striking aspects of Hyposmocoma diversity as a whole.10abiology10aCosmopterigidae10adescription10aGelechioidea10agenitalia10aHAWAII10aHyposmocoma10aLEPIDOPTERA10amorphology10aPacific Insects10aPREDATION10asnails1 aSchmitz, Patrick1 aRubinoff, Daniel  uhttps://pacleps.myspecies.info/node/21103113nas a2200349   4500008004100000020001400041245017900055210006900234260002900303300001000332490000800342520209300350653002302443653001202466653000802478653000802486653002002494653001402514653001202528653001702540653001102557653001602568653001602584653002102600653001002621653001202631653002002643653001402663100002102677700002102698856004402719       2011                        eng d  a1096-364200aThe Hawaiian amphibious caterpillar guild: new species of <i>Hyposmocoma </i>(Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) confirm distinct aquatic invasions and complex speciation patterns0 aHawaiian amphibious caterpillar guild new species of iHyposmocom  bBlackwell Publishing Ltd  a15-420 v1623 aAlthough aquatic caterpillars are a globally rare lifestyle, we have found them in multiple, independent lineages of the endemic moth genus Hyposmocoma across all of the Hawaiian Islands with flowing water. We formally describe 11 new species of Hyposmocoma that belong to four different larval case types: cone, bugle, medium burrito, and large burrito: Hyposmocoma kahamanoasp. nov. from Oahu Island, Hyposmocoma kamakou sp. nov. from Molokai Island, Hyposmocoma kahaiaosp. nov., Hyposmocoma waihohonusp. nov., and Hyposmocoma moopalikeasp. nov. from Maui Island, andHyposmocoma aumakuawaisp. nov.,Hyposmocoma eepawaisp. nov., Hyposmocoma ipowainuisp. nov., Hyposmocoma kawaikoisp. nov., Hyposmocoma uhauiolesp. nov., and Hyposmocoma wailuasp. nov. from Kauai Island. We also illustrate and describe in detail the aquatic case-bearing larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa. Despite having similar ecologies as algae and lichen grazers at and below the water line of streams, prior research indicates that species with each case type constitute an independent lineage, with terrestrial sister taxa, and therefore the different groups of species bearing unique case types each represent an independent aquatic invasion. The case-bearing larvae often occur sympatrically, and on Kauai even species with similar case-types occur together, suggesting complex patterns of speciation and either past periods of isolation or sympatric speciation. Phylogenetic analysis of 2243 base pairs from two nuclear and one mitochondrial gene for 18 species confirm that each species is endemic to a single volcano, and that morphological divergence within case-types has not been dramatic. Diversification has been complex, and superficially similar case type lineages are not all monophyletic. Kauai, the oldest but smallest of the major high islands, supports more species in the aquatic guild than any other island, thus island age, rather than size, may be important in generating diversity in this group. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 162, 15–42.10aadaptive radiation10aaquatic10aCAD10aCOI10aCosmopterigidae10aEF1 alpha10aENDEMIC10aGelechioidea10aHAWAII10aHyposmocoma10aLEPIDOPTERA10aMicrolepidoptera10amtDNA10anuclear10aPacific Insects10aPhylogeny1 aSchmitz, Patrick1 aRubinoff, Daniel  uhttps://pacleps.myspecies.info/node/21202265nas a2200253   4500008004100000245008200041210006900123300001400192490000800206520156100214653001201775653002001787653001201807653001401819653001701833653001101850653001601861653001601877653002001893653001201913100002101925700002101946856004401967       2010                        eng d00aMultiple aquatic invasions by an endemic, terrestrial Hawaiian moth radiation0 aMultiple aquatic invasions by an endemic terrestrial Hawaiian mo  a5903-59060 v1073 aInsects are the most diverse form of life on the planet, dominating both terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, yet no species has a life stage able to breath, feed, and develop either continually submerged or without access to water. Such truly amphibious insects are unrecorded. In mountain streams across the Hawaiian Islands, some caterpillars in the endemic moth genus are truly amphibious. These larvae can breathe and feed indefinitely both above and below the water's surface and can mature completely submerged or dry. Remarkably, a molecular phylogeny based on 2,243 bp from both nuclear (elongation factor 1Œ± and carbomoylphosphate synthase) and mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I) genes representing 216 individuals and 89 species of reveals that this amphibious lifestyle is an example of parallel evolution and has arisen from strictly terrestrial clades at least three separate times in the genus starting more than 6 million years ago, before the current high islands existed. No other terrestrial genus of animals has sponsored so many independent aquatic invasions, and no other insects are able to remain active indefinitely above and below water. Why and how , an overwhelmingly terrestrial group, repeatedly evolved unprecedented aquatic species is unclear, although there are many other evolutionary anomalies across the Hawaiian archipelago. The uniqueness of the community assemblages of Hawaii's isolated biota is likely critical in generating such evolutionary novelty because this amphibious ecology is unknown anywhere else.10aaquatic10aCosmopterigidae10aecology10aEVOLUTION10aGelechioidea10aHAWAII10aHyposmocoma10aLEPIDOPTERA10aPacific Insects10astreams1 aRubinoff, Daniel1 aSchmitz, Patrick  uhttps://pacleps.myspecies.info/node/203