01809nas a2200229   4500008004100000245012200041210006900163300001400232490000800246520111500254653001801369653002001387653001401407653001701421653001601438653002001454653001501474100001601489700001501505700001501520856004401535       2008                        eng d00aCryptic differentiation in the endemic micromoth Galagete darwini (Lepidoptera, Autostichidae) on Galapagos volcanoes0 aCryptic differentiation in the endemic micromoth Galagete darwin  a3453-34580 v3633 aTo gain insight into the early stages of speciation, we reconstructed a DNA-based phylogeny, using combined mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II: 1008 bp) and nuclear (elongation factor 1-α and wingless: 1062 bp) markers of populations of the moth Galagete darwini endemic to the Galápagos, which belongs to an insular radiation similar in size to that of Darwin's finches. Adults of G. darwini were collected in the arid lowlands of 11 of the Galápagos Islands (Baltra, Española, Fernandina, Floreana, Isabela, Pinta, Pinzón, San Cristobal, Santa Cruz, Santiago and Seymour) and the humid highlands of a subset of 5 of them (Fernandina, Floreana, Isabela, Santa Cruz and Santiago). The combined phylogeographic analysis surprisingly revealed that G. darwini populations at higher elevation on the western islands (Fernandina, Isabela and Santiago) represent a distinct lineage from the one in the low arid zones of these same islands. This is the first reported case in the archipelago of genetic cryptic differentiation correlated with elevation on the western Galápagos volcanoes.10aAutostichidae10acryptic species10aelevation10aGelechioidea10aLEPIDOPTERA10aPacific Insects10aSPECIATION1 aSchmitz, P.1 aCibois, A.1 aLandry, B.  uhttps://pacleps.myspecies.info/node/20802906nas a2200325   4500008004500000020001400045245011000059210006900169260000800238300001400246490000800260520196400268653001402232653001502246653002402261653001402285653001402299653002802313653001302341653001102354653002102365653001602386653002602402653002302428653002002451653002602471100002002497700001902517856004402536       2011                        Engldsh    a0029-854900aEcological correlates of the non-indigenous parasitoid assemblage associated with a Hawaiian endemic moth0 aEcological correlates of the nonindigenous parasitoid assemblage  cAug  a1087-10980 v1663 aUnderstanding what ecological factors might predispose indigenous habitats to invasion by invasive species is an important aspect of conservation and invasive species management, particularly when biological control is considered for suppression of the invasive species. This study seeks to identify ecological factors that might play a role in determining the structure of the parasitoid assemblage associated with caterpillars of the endemic Hawaiian moth Udea stellata (Crambidae). Parasitoids were reared from field-collected U. stellata larvae at 18 locations. Fourteen environmental variables were measured at each site. Two multivariate analyses, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial redundancy analysis (RDA), were used to analyze the parasitoid assemblage across a range of habitats varying in environmental characteristics. The PCA analysis showed that the occurrence of some species were highly correlated, and associated with less disturbed sites, whereas other species were associated with sites of medium and high levels of disturbance. The RDA analysis showed that only three of the measured environmental variables (U. stellata density, elevation, and level of habitat disturbance) significantly explained variability in the parasitoid assemblage among sites. There was greater parasitoid species richness associated with U. stellata larvae at higher elevation sites with a lower degree of habitat disturbance by exotic vegetation. The purposely introduced parasitoid species were associated with the non-target moth at sites located at higher elevations with low levels of disturbance. Multivariate analysis has the potential to provide valuable insights into the identification of important environmental factors that mediate parasitoid assemblage structure and level of parasitism on a particular target or non-target species, and therefore facilitate identification of suitable target habitats or susceptible non-target habitats.10aAustralia10abiocontrol10acarabid assemblages10acommunity10aelevation10aEnvironmental variables10agradient10aHAWAII10ahost-specificity10aLEPIDOPTERA10aMultivariate analysis10aNon-target impacts10aPacific Insects10aParasitoid assemblage1 aKaufman, L., V.1 aWright, M., G.  uhttps://pacleps.myspecies.info/node/11202218nas a2200229   4500008004100000245012200041210006900163300001200232490000700244520153700251653001501788653001701803653001501820653001401835653001301849653001301862653001101875653002001886653001701906100002201923856004301945       2007                        eng d00aDensity of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) differers at different elevations in Hawaiian montane forest0 aDensity of longhorned beetles Coleoptera Cerambycidae differers   a364-3700 v523 aElevation has strong effects on climate and biota. In Hawaii, elevation on volcanic mountains affects temperature, rainfall, vegetation, and fauna. The effect of elevation on animal distribution and abundance can be direct through effects on climate or, in the case of phytophagous insects, indirectly mediated through climatic effects on host plants. In montane wet forests dominated by Metrosideros polymorpha (ohia lehua) and Acacia koa (koa), longhorned wood-boring beetles (Cerambycidae, Plagithmysus) play an important role as decomposers of wood and as food for higher trophic levels. The beetles I studied feed exclusively on dead wood of koa. I assessed the effect of elevation on the density of longhorned beetles in plantations of koa at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Hawaii. Density per branch of longhorned beetles was more than twice as great in the low-elevation sample (1,620–1,650 m; 3.49 beetles/branch, n = 200) as in the high-elevation sample (1,880–1,970 m; 1.61 beetles/branch, n = 200; t = 5.08, P < 0.001). Beetles were contagiously distributed among branches at both low and high elevations (CD = 5.71). Size of branch had a consistent positive effect on density of beetles, although this effect was more pronounced at low elevation. Elevation affects biological diversity directly through climate and seasonality, and indirectly through climatic effects on key habitat features. Effects of seasonality and habitat features on longhorned beetles need further study in Hawaiian montane forest.10aAcacia koa10aCerambycidae10aColeoptera10aelevation10afabaceae10agradient10aHAWAII10aPacific Insects10aPlagithmysus1 aGoldsmith, Steven  uhttps://pacleps.myspecies.info/node/73