@article {242, title = {Vagility across Vanessa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): mobility in butterfly species does not inhibit the formation and persistence of isolated sister taxa}, journal = {Systematic EntomologySystematic Entomology}, volume = {36}, number = {2}, year = {2011}, month = {Apr}, pages = {362-370}, type = {Article}, abstract = {Allopatric speciation is thought to occur in the absence of gene flow, thereby suggesting that widespread vagile species might be less likely to generate restricted sister taxa because of a lack of isolation. The butterfly genus Vanessa provides an ideal test of this concept, as it contains some of the most cosmopolitan and vagile species of butterflies on the planet, as well as some highly restricted taxa. Given the age of these groups, this arrangement offers a special opportunity to examine the relationship between vagility and phylogeny in generating novel taxa; specifically, does the vagility of some lineages impede allopatric speciation, leaving restricted clades more speciose? A phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed for all species belonging to the butterfly genus Vanessa based on DNA sequences from one mitochondrial and eight nuclear gene regions. The resulting topology shows very little conflict among gene regions, with five well-supported clades corresponding to morphologically consistent species groups. The data very strongly indicate a polyphyletic genus Antanartia, and thus to preserve monophyly two species previously assigned to Antanartia are transferred to Vanessa, Vanessa hippomene comb.n. and Vanessa dimorphica comb.n., resulting in a total of 22 species placed in Vanessa. A biogeographical analysis shows that in many cases the most geographically restricted species are sister to geographically widespread species, suggesting dispersal and allopatric speciation. Surprisingly, in almost all cases the divergences between widespread and restricted species are quite old (> 5 Ma), suggesting long-term isolation and stability of both vagile and sedentary species, despite the high (even intercontinental) vagility of many extant species and, by extension, ancestral species. The biogeography of Vanessa suggests that species vagility and allopatry do not fully explain the forces governing cladogenesis in this remarkable genus.}, keywords = {branch support, butterflies, COLONIZATION, data sets, diversification, HAWAII, historical biogeography, LEPIDOPTERA, morphology, Nymphalidae, Pacific Insects, Papilionoidea, phylogenetic-relationships, radiation, sequence data, systematics, Vanessa}, isbn = {0307-6970}, author = {Wahlberg, N. and Rubinoff, D.} } @book {260, title = {Insects of Hawaii, Volume 9: Microlepidoptera, Part I}, year = {1978}, pages = {890}, publisher = {University of Hawaii Press}, organization = {University of Hawaii Press}, address = {Honolulu}, keywords = {CYDIA, distribution, HAWAII, HOST, keys, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, PARASITISM, TORTRICIDAE}, author = {Zimmerman, E. C.} } @article {233, title = {Some observations on forest insects at the Nauhi nursery and vicinity on Hawaii}, journal = {Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological SocietyProceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, year = {1932}, pages = {179-192}, keywords = {Bactra, BIODIVERSITY, Carposina, Carposinidae, Coleoptera, Cosmopterigidae, Crambidae, CYDIA, Epiphyas postvittana, Eudonia, EUPITHECIA, Geometridae, Grapholitini, HAKALAU, HAWAII, Hyposmocoma, LEPIDOPTERA, Lycaenidae, Noctuidae, Nymphalidae, Oecophoridae, Olethreutinae, Omiodes, Opogona, Pacific Insects, Pieridae, Pieris rapae, Pterophoridae, Pyraloidea, Scotorythra, Thyrocopa, Tineidae, TORTRICIDAE, Udara, Vanessa}, author = {Swezey, O. H. and Williams, F. X.} } @article {236, title = {A checklist of the butterflies of Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia and some adjacent areas}, journal = {ZootaxaZootaxa}, volume = {1178}, year = {2006}, note = {corrections (Tennent (2006) Zootaxa 1364:65-66) inserted in to pdf}, pages = {1-209}, abstract = {A systematic checklist of the butterflies of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia is presented. A significant number of previously unpublished island records were found in major museum collections in the UK, Australia and the USA. Aspects of butterfly distribution, authorship of names, and taxonomy are addressed, and sources for about 2,200 published butterfly names are incorporated in a comprehensive bibliography of Pacific butterflies. Combined with recent publications dealing with specific areas, such as Papua New Guinea, a working systematic checklist of Pacific Region butterflies is available for the first time.}, keywords = {Austral Islands, butterflies, checklist, Danaidae, distribution, French Polynesia, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Lycaenidae, Marquesas, Melanesia, Micronesia, Nymphalidae, Pacific Insects, Pacific Islands, Papilionidae, Papilionoidea, Papua New Guinea, Pieridae, Satyridae, Society Islands}, author = {Tennent, W.J.} } @article {221, title = {The biology, host range, parasites, and hyperparasites of koa seed insects in Hawaii: a review}, journal = {Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological SocietyProceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society}, volume = {24(2/3)}, year = {1983}, pages = {317-326}, keywords = {Acacia koa, Anthribidae, Araecerus, Coleoptera, Cryptophlebia, CYDIA, DIADEGMA, EULOPHIDAE, Eupelmus, fabaceae, Grapholitini, HAWAII, HYMENOPTERA, Ichneumonidae, LEPIDOPTERA, Olethreutinae, Pacific Insects, PARASITISM, PRISTOMERUS, TORTRICIDAE}, author = {Stein, J. D.} } @article {222, title = {Insects associated with Acacia koa seed in Hawaii}, journal = {Environmental EntomologyEnvironmental Entomology}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, year = {1983}, note = {Parasitoids reared: Pristomerus hawaiiensis, Diadegma blackburni, Gelis tenellus, Euderus cushmani (from Araecerus), and an unidentified Eulophid [Euderus metallicus?], }, pages = {299-302}, abstract = {Acacia koa sites on the five major islands were sampled the during 1978 growing season to determine the presence and damage potential of insects and diseases infesting koa seeds. Relative abundance of the most prevalent insects was 62.3\% for the koa haole see weevil, Araecerus levipennis, 20.6\% for the bruchid Stator limbatus, and 13.2\% for the endemic koa seedworm, Cryptophlebia illepida. Other insects recovered included Stator pruininus, Cydia rufipennis, and Cydia sp. The ichneumonid Pristomerus hawaiiensis was the most abundant parasite associated with seed insects. Collectotrichum gloeosporioides was the only disease organism identified from koa seeds collected as sample sites}, keywords = {Acacia koa, Anthribidae, Araecerus, Bruchidae, Coleoptera, Cryptophlebia, CYDIA, DIADEGMA, EUDERUS, EULOPHIDAE, EUPELMIDAE, Eupelmus, fabaceae, Gelis, Grapholitini, HAWAII, HYMENOPTERA, Ichneumonidae, LEPIDOPTERA, Olethreutinae, Pacific Insects, PARASITISM, PRISTOMERUS, Stator, TORTRICIDAE}, author = {Stein, J. D.} } @article {211, title = {Ecologically and morphologically remarkable new cosmet moth species of the genus Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, with reference to the spectacular diversity of larval cases}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of AmericaAnnals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {104}, number = {1}, year = {2011}, month = {2011/01/01}, pages = {1-15}, publisher = {Entomological Society of America}, abstract = {Hyposmocoma is an endemic Hawaiian moth genus with >330 recognized species occupying a remarkable range of ecological habits and exhibiting a high degree of variation typical of adaptive radiations. Within this diverse genus, some species have evolved intriguing and globally rare lifestyles, such as predatory or aquatic caterpillars. There are still many undescribed species in the genus, and no current work succinctly covers the range of their diversity. We describe nine new species in an attempt to demonstrate some of the remarkable ecological and phenotypic diversity displayed by species in the genus in a concise format: Hyposmocoma carnivora sp. nov. from the island of Hawaii; Hyposmocoma eliai sp. nov. Hyposmocoma nohomaalewa sp. nov., and Hyposmocoma waikamoi sp. nov. from the island of Kauai; and Hyposmocoma papaiili sp. nov., Hyposmocoma pukoa sp. nov., Hyposmocoma pupumoehewa sp. nov., Hyposmocoma opuulaau sp. nov., and Hyposmocoma waikamoi sp. nov. from the island of Maui. Although the taxa presented here do not represent a monophyletic group with respect to the rest of Hyposmocoma, they represent some of the most striking aspects of Hyposmocoma diversity as a whole.}, keywords = {biology, Cosmopterigidae, description, Gelechioidea, genitalia, HAWAII, Hyposmocoma, LEPIDOPTERA, morphology, Pacific Insects, PREDATION, snails}, isbn = {0013-8746}, author = {Schmitz, Patrick and Rubinoff, Daniel} } @article {212, title = {The Hawaiian amphibious caterpillar guild: new species of Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) confirm distinct aquatic invasions and complex speciation patterns}, journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean SocietyZoological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {162}, number = {1}, year = {2011}, pages = {15-42}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {Although aquatic caterpillars are a globally rare lifestyle, we have found them in multiple, independent lineages of the endemic moth genus Hyposmocoma across all of the Hawaiian Islands with flowing water. We formally describe 11 new species of Hyposmocoma that belong to four different larval case types: cone, bugle, medium burrito, and large burrito: Hyposmocoma kahamanoasp. nov. from Oahu Island, Hyposmocoma kamakou sp. nov. from Molokai Island, Hyposmocoma kahaiaosp. nov., Hyposmocoma waihohonusp. nov., and Hyposmocoma moopalikeasp. nov. from Maui Island, andHyposmocoma aumakuawaisp. nov.,Hyposmocoma eepawaisp. nov., Hyposmocoma ipowainuisp. nov., Hyposmocoma kawaikoisp. nov., Hyposmocoma uhauiolesp. nov., and Hyposmocoma wailuasp. nov. from Kauai Island. We also illustrate and describe in detail the aquatic case-bearing larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa. Despite having similar ecologies as algae and lichen grazers at and below the water line of streams, prior research indicates that species with each case type constitute an independent lineage, with terrestrial sister taxa, and therefore the different groups of species bearing unique case types each represent an independent aquatic invasion. The case-bearing larvae often occur sympatrically, and on Kauai even species with similar case-types occur together, suggesting complex patterns of speciation and either past periods of isolation or sympatric speciation. Phylogenetic analysis of 2243 base pairs from two nuclear and one mitochondrial gene for 18 species confirm that each species is endemic to a single volcano, and that morphological divergence within case-types has not been dramatic. Diversification has been complex, and superficially similar case type lineages are not all monophyletic. Kauai, the oldest but smallest of the major high islands, supports more species in the aquatic guild than any other island, thus island age, rather than size, may be important in generating diversity in this group. {\textcopyright} 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 162, 15{\textendash}42.}, keywords = {adaptive radiation, aquatic, CAD, COI, Cosmopterigidae, EF1 alpha, ENDEMIC, Gelechioidea, HAWAII, Hyposmocoma, LEPIDOPTERA, Microlepidoptera, mtDNA, nuclear, Pacific Insects, Phylogeny}, isbn = {1096-3642}, author = {Schmitz, Patrick and Rubinoff, Daniel} } @article {213, title = {Infiltration by alien predators into invertebrate food webs in Hawaii: a molecular approach}, journal = {Molecular EcologyMolecular Ecology}, volume = {13}, year = {2004}, pages = {2077-2088}, abstract = {Alien invertebrate predators have been introduced to Hawaii to control pests, particularly in lowland areas where most crops are grown. We developed techniques for assessing the impact of these predators on native food webs in relatively pristine upland areas where, it was hypothesized, few lowland predators might be found. Predator densities were assessed along transects within the Alakaii Swamp on Kaua{\textquoteright}i. The most numerous alien biocontrol agents found were Halmus chalybeus (Coccinellidae), a species known to feed on Lepidoptera eggs. Laboratory experiments were conducted using two genera of endemic Lepidoptera, Scotorythra and Eupithecia (Geometridae), that are of considerable conservation value, the former because of its recent speciation across Hawaii, the latter for its unique predatory larvae. Techniques were developed for detecting Lepidoptera DNA within the guts of alien predators using prey-specific PCR primers. General primers amplified fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene from beetles and Lepidoptera. The sequences were aligned and used successfully to design target-specific primers for general detection of the remains of Geometridae and for particular species, including Scotorythra rara and Eupithecia monticolans. DNA fragments amplified were short [140{\textendash}170 base pairs (bp)], optimizing detection periods following prey ingestion. Trials using the introduced biocontrol agent Curinus coeruleus (Coccinellidae) demonstrated detection of Lepidoptera DNA fragments = 151 bp in 85{\textendash}100\% of beetles after 24 h digestion of an early instar larva. This study provides a framework for future use of molecular gut analysis in arthropod conservation ecology and food web research with considerable potential for quantifying threats to endemic species in Hawaii and elsewhere.}, keywords = {biocontrol, COCCINELLIDAE, EUPITHECIA, Geometridae, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, NONTARGET, Pacific Insects, PREDATION, Scotorythra}, author = {Sheppard, S.K. and Henneman, M. L. and Memmott, J. and Symondson, W.O.C.} } @article {219, title = {Zizina otis (Fabricius, 1787) becomes established on Oahu, Hawaii (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae)}, journal = {News of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} SocietyNews of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {50(1)}, year = {2008}, note = {Cited Reference Count: 12 ref.}, pages = {3-6}, keywords = {distribution, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Lycaenidae, Pacific Insects, Pacific Islands, POLYNESIA, United States of America, Zizina}, isbn = {0091-1348}, author = {Snyder, J. F. and Warren, A. D. and Rubinoff, D. and Austin, G. T.} } @article {202, title = {Geographic proximity not a prerequisite for invasion: Hawaii not the aource of California invasion by light brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana)}, journal = {PLoS ONEPLoS ONE}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, year = {2011}, pages = {e16361}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, abstract = {The light brown apple moth (LBAM), Epiphyas postvittana (Walker), is native to Australia but invaded England, New Zealand, and Hawaii more than 100 years ago. In temperate climates, LBAM can be a major agricultural pest. In 2006 LBAM was discovered in California, instigating eradication efforts and quarantine against Hawaiian agriculture, the assumption being that Hawaii was the source of the California infestation. Genetic relationships among populations in Hawaii, California, and New Zealand are crucial to understanding LBAM invasion dynamics across the Pacific.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We sequenced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 1293 LBAM individuals from California (695), Hawaii (448), New Zealand (147), and Australia (3) to examine haplotype diversity and structure among introduced populations, and evaluate the null hypothesis that invasive populations are from a single panmictic source. However, invasive populations in California and New Zealand harbor deep genetic diversity, whereas Hawaii shows low level, shallow diversity.

Conclusions/Significance

LBAM recently has established itself in California, but was in Hawaii and New Zealand for hundreds of generations, yet California and New Zealand show similar levels of genetic diversity relative to Hawaii. Thus, there is no clear relationship between duration of invasion and genetic structure. Demographic statistics suggest rapid expansion occurring in California and past expansions in New Zealand; multiple introductions of diverse, genetically fragmented lineages could contribute to these patterns. Hawaii and California share no haplotypes, therefore, Hawaii is not the source of the California introduction. Paradoxically, Hawaii and California share multiple haplotypes with New Zealand. New Zealand may be the source for the California and Hawaii infestations, but the introductions were independent, and Hawaii was invaded only once. This has significant implications for quarantine, and suggests that probability of invasion is not directly related to geographic distance. Surprisingly, Hawaiian LBAM populations have much lower genetic diversity than California, despite being older.

}, keywords = {Archipini, California, Epiphyas postvittana, HAWAII, LBAM, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, TORTRICIDAE, Tortricinae}, author = {Rubinoff, Daniel and Holland, Brenden S. and San Jose, Michael and Powell, Jerry A.} } @article {203, title = {Multiple aquatic invasions by an endemic, terrestrial Hawaiian moth radiation}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {107}, number = {13}, year = {2010}, note = {10.1073/pnas.0912501107}, pages = {5903-5906}, abstract = {Insects are the most diverse form of life on the planet, dominating both terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, yet no species has a life stage able to breath, feed, and develop either continually submerged or without access to water. Such truly amphibious insects are unrecorded. In mountain streams across the Hawaiian Islands, some caterpillars in the endemic moth genus are truly amphibious. These larvae can breathe and feed indefinitely both above and below the water{\textquoteright}s surface and can mature completely submerged or dry. Remarkably, a molecular phylogeny based on 2,243 bp from both nuclear (elongation factor 1{\OE}{\textpm} and carbomoylphosphate synthase) and mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I) genes representing 216 individuals and 89 species of reveals that this amphibious lifestyle is an example of parallel evolution and has arisen from strictly terrestrial clades at least three separate times in the genus starting more than 6 million years ago, before the current high islands existed. No other terrestrial genus of animals has sponsored so many independent aquatic invasions, and no other insects are able to remain active indefinitely above and below water. Why and how , an overwhelmingly terrestrial group, repeatedly evolved unprecedented aquatic species is unclear, although there are many other evolutionary anomalies across the Hawaiian archipelago. The uniqueness of the community assemblages of Hawaii{\textquoteright}s isolated biota is likely critical in generating such evolutionary novelty because this amphibious ecology is unknown anywhere else.}, keywords = {aquatic, Cosmopterigidae, ecology, EVOLUTION, Gelechioidea, HAWAII, Hyposmocoma, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, streams}, author = {Rubinoff, Daniel and Schmitz, Patrick} } @article {210, title = {New species of Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae) from the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands of Laysan, Necker, and Nihoa}, journal = {ZootaxaZootaxaZootaxa}, number = {2272}, year = {2009}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 509MKTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 10Schmitz, Patrick Rubinoff, Daniel}, pages = {37-53}, type = {Article}, abstract = {The endemic Hawaiian cosmopterigid moth genus Hyposmocoma Butler, 1881 contains 315 described species, making it one of the Archipelago{\textquoteright}s most diverse radiations. However, only one species was previously described as endemic to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI), and prior taxonomic work in the region has been problematic. The NWHI represent a series of much older island remnants and atolls that were formerly high islands of much greater diversity. Systematic relationships within and between Hyposmocoma on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands may have implications for understanding not only the biogeography of Hyposmocoma but of Hawaiian radiations in general. We describe eight new species of Hyposmocoma endemic to the NWHI: H. laysanensis sp. nov. and H. ekemamao sp. nov. from Laysan Island, H. opuumaloo sp. nov. and H. mokumana sp. nov. from Necker Island, and H. nihoa sp. nov., H. kikokolu sp. nov., H. menehune sp. nov., and H. papahanau sp. nov. from Nihoa Island. This work represents the first inclusive taxonomic treatment of Hyposmocoma in the NWHI and may serve as a basis for studies both of Hyposmocoma, and broader biogeographic research on the NWHI.}, keywords = {Cosmopterigidae, Gelechioidea, HAWAII, Hyposmocoma, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, Phylogeny, radiation}, isbn = {1175-5326}, author = {Schmitz, P. and Rubinoff, D.} } @article {192, title = {Reassessment of the Noctuoidea of the Hawaiian Islands}, journal = {Bishop Museum Occasional PapersBishop Museum Occasional Papers}, volume = {31}, year = {1991}, pages = {139-151}, keywords = {arctiidae, distribution, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Leucania, Lymantriidae, Noctuidae, Nolidae, Notodontidae, Pacific Insects, Pseudaletia}, author = {Riotte, J. C. E.} } @article {195, title = {Plutella in the Hawaiian Islands: relatives and host-races of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)}, journal = {Bishop Museum Occasional PapersBishop Museum Occasional Papers}, volume = {67}, year = {2001}, note = {Cited Reference Count: 27 ref.Bulletin}, pages = {1-27}, publisher = {Bishop Museum Press}, address = {Honolulu USA}, abstract = {A systematic revision of the Hawaiian representatives of Plutella is given with keys, descriptions and illustrations of adults and genitalia of both sexes. Four species are recognized, 3 of them endemic to the Hawaiian Islands (and 2 of these are described as new): Plutella capparidis (2 island races on Oahu and Maui); P. noholio sp. nov. (Hawaii); P. kahakaha sp. nov. (Kauai); P. xylostella (widespread). P. xylostella exhibits a rare individual aberration unique to Hawaii (originally described and named as P. albovenosa) and also has distinct host races feeding on Capparis on Kauai, Oahu, and Hawaii. The origins and taxonomic context of the Hawaiian Plutella are discussed. It is suggested that in Plutella, at least 2 prehistoric colonization events of the Hawaiian chain have occurred. The first was of a perhaps P. porrectella-like ancestor and gave rise to the present-day endemic species (the capparidis subgroup), 2 of which feed on Capparis (the host plant of P. kahakaha is unknown). The second involved a xylostella-like ancestor evolving into at least 2 separate Capparis-feeding host races that preceded the introduction or immigration of typical Brassicaceae-feeding P. xylostella in historic times. An overview of Plutella worldwide is provided together with a systematic checklist of world Plutellidae. Eleven new combinations and 2 new synonyms are established; one species is transferred from Plutellidae to Ypsolophidae.}, keywords = {description, distribution, HAWAII, invasive species, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, Plutella, Plutellidae, taxonomy}, isbn = {0893-1348}, author = {Robinson, G. S. and Sattler, K.} } @inbook {198, title = {Host plant use, diversification, and coevolution: Insights from remote oceanic islands}, booktitle = {Evolutionary biology of plant and insect relationships}, year = {2008}, pages = {151-161}, publisher = {University of California Press}, organization = {University of California Press}, address = {Berkeley}, abstract = {Many advances in the understanding of insect-plant interactions have come from examining particular taxa or systems in isolation. Here, we examine the contribution of studies on remote oceanic islands to our understanding of insect-plant interactions. For ecological and evolutionary studies, island systems offer a number of advantages that stem from their isolation, small size, well-defined boundaries, and that they can be used as replicate systems. Unlike recent introductions to islands where many of the insect herbivores show generalist associations, among indigenous species the majority are endemic and show varying levels of host specialization. We examine patterns of of host specialization, plant-associated diversification, cospeciation, symbiosis, and plant hybridization across a range of island systems, though most work to date has focused on the Macaronesian Islands and the Hawaiian archipelago. Advances in molecular and analytical approaches have opened new avenues for research, such as the ability to calibrate the ages of both insect and plant lineages and to examine the demographic history of individuals within populations. Island insect-plant systems illustrate that allopatric isolation in particular, but also host switching to related hosts, are important correlates of insect diversification. Observations of cospeciation are rare, but this may be a consequence of studying periods of rapid host adaptation and diversification in which patterns of cospeciation, if they exist, may be obscured. Island systems offer many opportunities to expand our understanding of factors that promote host-associated diversification, including the roles of internal and external symbionts and plant hybrids.}, keywords = {allopatric, Aphanarthrum, Arecaceae, Asteraceae, canary-islands, coevolution, Coleoptera, Crambidae, CURCULIONIDAE, Delphacidae, Dubautia, Epicephala, Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae, gene flow, Glochidion, Gracillariidae, HAWAII, Hemiptera, host shift, LEPIDOPTERA, Liparthrum, Miridae, Myocalles, Nesosydne, Omiodes, Pacific Insects, Pacific Islands, Phyllanthaceae, PLANTS, Pritchardia, Psyllidae, Scolytidae, SPECIATION, Wolbachia}, author = {Roderick, G. K. and Percy, D.M.}, editor = {Tilmon, K.J.} } @article {178, title = {Highlights in the history of entomology in Hawaii 1778-1963}, journal = {Pacific InsectsPacific InsectsPacific Insects}, volume = {6(4)}, year = {1964}, pages = {689-729}, keywords = {Acrididae, Anacamptodes, biocontrol, Coccoidea, Coleoptera, Crambidae, Culicidae, CURCULIONIDAE, Delphacidae, DIPTERA, Eupatorium, Flatidae, Formicidae, Geometridae, HAWAII, Heteroptera, HOMOPTERA, HYMENOPTERA, invasive species, Isoptera, Lantana, LEPIDOPTERA, Nezara viridula, Noctuidae, Omiodes, Opuntia, ORTHOPTERA, Pacific Insects, Pheidole, PLANTS, Polydesma, Pseudococcidae, Scarabaeidae, Spodoptera, Tachinidae, Tephritidae}, author = {Pemberton, C. R.} } @article {162, title = {A review of the insects and related arthropods of Midway Atoll}, journal = {Bishop Museum Occasional PapersBishop Museum Occasional Papers}, volume = {68}, year = {2002}, pages = {25-69}, abstract = {This paper presents results of a recent (1997-1999) survey of terrestrial arthropods of Midway Atoll and lists 546 species identified from 1891 to 1999. The last published compilation (Suehiro, 1960) listed 221 species, and the first complete listing from the 1923 Tanager Expedition published 38 species (Bryan er al., 1926). The increasing number of arthropod species reflected in these surveys is likely related to the increase in plant species present, increased contact between Midway and the outside world by means of surface and air vessels, and increased effort on the part of the U. S. Fish \& Wildlife Service to inventory the arthropad fauna. The percentage of the fauna composed Of native species (1 7\%) is small and some of these species were not recollected during the present survey. Also, a large number (33\%) of historically recorded alien species were not recollected. More recently introduced immigrants may have displaced some of them. The present list includes 205 new island records from Midway including 29 new records for the Hawaiian archipelago. Continued introductions resulting from frequent visits to Midway by uninspected air and surface vessels will result in serious pest problems there. Some observations are included on insects now present on Midway that may become serious pests if introduced to the main Hawaiian islands. Two species in particular, Pmraefia pryeri (Janson) and Scudderia parowe Griffini should be monitored. Other concerns that should be addressed include ants, vespid wasps, and soil arthropods. A full bibliography of Midway terrestrial arthropod references is also included.}, keywords = {Amorbia, arctiidae, Bactra, Cosmopterigidae, Crambidae, Crocidosema, Gelechiidae, Geometridae, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Noctuidae, Nymphalidae, Pacific Insects, Plutellidae, Pterophoridae, Pyralidae, Sphingidae, Tineidae, TORTRICIDAE}, author = {Nishida, G. and Beardsley, J. W.} } @article {166, title = {Kipuka Alal{\={a}} terrestrial arthropod survey, Pohakuloa Training Area, Hawaii. Final report to US Army Garrison, Hawaii}, year = {2001}, institution = {USGS-BRD, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaii}, keywords = {Coleoptera, HAWAII, Hemiptera, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects}, author = {Oboyski, P.T. and Gregor, A.J. and Passerello, L.B. and Weber, J.P. and Hines, J.E. and Banko, P. C.} } @article {167, title = {Differential parasitism of seed-feeding Cydia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by native and alien wasp species relative to elevation in subalpine Sophora (Fabaceae) forests on Mauna Kea, Hawaii}, journal = {Journal of Insect ConservationJournal of Insect Conservation}, volume = {8}, number = {2-3}, year = {2004}, note = {Times Cited: 0}, pages = {229-240}, abstract = {Alien parasitic wasps, including accidental introductions and purposefully released biological control agents, have been implicated in the decline of native Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Understanding the potential impacts of alien wasps requires knowledge of ecological parameters that influence parasitism rates for species in their new environment. Sophora seed-feeding Cydia spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were surveyed for larval parasitoids to determine how native and alien wasps are partitioned over an elevation gradient (2200-2800 m) on Hawaii Island, Hawaii. Parasitism rate of native Euderus metallicus (Eulophidae) increased with increased elevation, while parasitism rate by immigrant Calliephialtes grapholithae (Ichneumonidae) decreased. Parasitism by Pristomerus hawaiiensis (Ichneumonidae), origins uncertain, also decreased with increased elevation. Two other species, Diadegma blackburni (Ichneumonidae), origins uncertain, and Brasema cushmani (Eupelmidae), a purposefully introduced biological control agent for pepper weevil, did not vary significantly with elevation. Results are contrasted with a previous study of this system with implications for the conservation of an endangered bird species that feed on Cydia larvae. Interpretation of results is hindered by lack of knowledge of autecology of moths and wasps, origins, phylogeny, systematics, competitive ability, and physiological limitations of each wasp species. These factors should be incorporated into risk analysis for biological control introductions and invasive species programs.}, keywords = {biocontrol, Brasema, CALLIEPHIALTES, CHALCIDOIDEA, CONSERVATION, CYDIA, DIADEGMA, EUDERUS, EULOPHIDAE, EUPELMIDAE, gradient, Grapholitini, HAWAII, Ichneumonidae, LEPIDOPTERA, Mauna Kea, NONTARGET, Olethreutinae, Pacific Insects, PARASITISM, PRISTOMERUS, TORTRICIDAE}, isbn = {1366-638X}, author = {Oboyski, Peter T. and Slotterback, John W. and Banko, Paul C.} } @article {148, title = {Range expansions and name changes for moths (Lepidoptera) in the Hawaiian Islands}, journal = {Bishop Museum Occasional PapersBishop Museum Occasional Papers}, volume = {46}, year = {1996}, pages = {28-31}, abstract = {This paper summarizes some of the changes in understanding of moth species in the Hawaiian Islands through the ongoing activities of the Hawaii Biological Survey. Two kinds of changes are recorded here: changes in understanding of distributions based on specimens accumulated at Bishop Museum (BPBM), and changes in nomenclature resulting from taxonomic work published elsewhere. Many of these taxonomic changes have already been incorporated in Nishida (1994), but this paper provides the background. This paper builds on recent reviews of Sphingidae (Riotte 1986), Noctuoidea (Riotte 1991) and Pyraloidea (Munroe 1989). The recent field guide to Pyraloidea and Microlepidoptera by Robinson et al. (1994), although not intended to cover the Hawaiian fauna, is very useful for family-level identifications and includes many species that occur in Hawaii. }, keywords = {Crambidae, Crocidosema, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Noctuidae, Pacific Insects, Pyralidae, Sphingidae, taxonomy, TORTRICIDAE}, author = {Miller, S. E.} } @article {150, title = {Platynota stultana, the omnivorous leaf-roller, established in the Hawaiian Islands (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)}, journal = {Bishop Museum Occasional PapersBishop Museum Occasional Papers}, volume = {42}, year = {1995}, pages = {36-39}, abstract = {Platynota stultana (Walsingham) became established on the island of Oahu in the mid 1980s and was widespread by 1989. Although specimens have existed in several collections, this is the first published report of the occurrence of the species in the Hawaiian Islands. The species is apparently native to semiarid northwestern mainland Mexico and the adjacent southwestern United States (not including California), but it has become widespread in California over the last 90 years (Powell 1983). It also occurs in Florida (Kimball 1965: 267) and is a greenhouse pest throughout the continental United States (Atkins et al. 1957). It has a broad range of recorded hosts, including over 25 plant families (Atkins et al. 1957, Powell 1983).}, keywords = {distribution, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, Platynota, TORTRICIDAE, Tortricinae}, author = {Miller, S. E. and Hodges, R.W.} } @article {156, title = {Changes in classification and names of Hawaiian Pyraloidea since the publication of Insects of Hawaii, Volume 8, by E.C. Zimmerman (1958) (Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Bishop Museum Occasional PapersBishop Museum Occasional Papers}, volume = {29}, year = {1989}, pages = {199-212}, keywords = {Assara, Ategumia, Conogethes, Crambidae, Cryptoblabes, distribution, Eudonia, Glyphodes, HAWAII, Hellula, Herpetogramma, Hyperectis, LEPIDOPTERA, Nomophila, Omiodes, Pacific Insects, Paramyelois, Pseudopyrausta, Pyralidae, Pyraloidea, Salbia, Spoladea, Stemorrhages, synonymy, taxonomy, Terastia, Udea, Uresiphita}, author = {Munroe, E.} } @article {157, title = {Usingeriessa onyxalis (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Nymphylinae), a moth with presumably aquatic larvae, newly recorded from Hawaii, with a synopsis of Hawaiian Nymphulinae}, journal = {Bishop Museum Occasional PapersBishop Museum Occasional Papers}, volume = {42}, year = {1995}, note = {figures missing}, pages = {39-42}, abstract = {The Nymphulinae, a subfamily of crambid moths, mostly with aquatic larvae, are widespread in tropical and temperate countries (Klima 1937, Lange 1956a). They are not native in Pacific Islands between Samoa in the west and Cocos in the east ({\textquotedblleft}Aulacodes{\textquotedblright} eupselias Meyrick, described from the Marquesas, is actually a spilomeline pyraustine [Munroe 1991]). However, 2 non-indigenous species have been recorded from Hawaii. These are Parapoynx fluctuosalis (Zeller), a pantropical species associated with the culture of rice and other aquatic plants, first recorded by Butler (1879), but possibly introduced much earlier; and Synclita obliteralis (Walker), an eastern North American species that feeds on various aquatic plants, but especially Lemna, collected by D.T. Fullaway in 1942 and recorded by Williams (1944). Synclita obliteralis was perhaps introduced with aquarium stock. Both species are figured and described by Zimmerman (1958). The purpose of this paper is to record and characterize a third nymphuline, Usingeriessa onyxalis (Hampson 1897: 149).}, keywords = {Crambidae, distribution, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Nymphulinae, Pacific Insects, Pyraloidea}, author = {Munroe, E.} } @article {132, title = {Field infestation of rambutan fruits by internal-feeding pests in Hawaii}, journal = {Journal of Economic EntomologyJournal of Economic EntomologyJournal of Economic Entomology}, volume = {93(3)}, year = {2000}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 341PPTimes Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 20}, month = {Jun}, pages = {846-851}, type = {Article}, abstract = {More than 47,000 mature fruits of nine different varieties of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) were harvested from orchards in Hawaii to assess natural levels of infestation by tephritid Fruit flies and other internal feeding pests. Additionally. harvested, mature fruits of seven different rambutan varieties were artificially infested with eggs or Brst-instars of Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), or oriental fruit ny, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) to assess host suitability. When all varieties were combined over two field seasons of sampling, fruit infestation rates were 0.021\% for oriental fruit fly, 0.097\% for Cryptophlebia spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and 0.85\% for pyralids (Lepidoptera). Species of Cryptophlebia included both C. illepida (Butler), the native Hawaiian species, and C. ombrodelta (Lower), an introduced species from Australia. Cryptophlebia ssp. had not previously been known to attack, rambutan. The pyralid infestation was mainly attributable to Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliere), a species also not previously recorded on rambutan in Hawaii. Overall infestation rate for other moths in the families Blastobasidae, Gracillariidae, Tineidae, and Tortricidae was 0.061\%. In artificially infested fruits, Loth species of fruit fly showed moderately high survivorship for all varieties tested. Because rambutan has such low rates of infestation by oriental fruit fly and Cryptophlebia spp., the two primary internal-feeding regulatory pests of rambutan in Hawaii, it may he amenable to the alternative treatment efficacy approach to postharvest quarantine treatment.}, keywords = {Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis capitata, control, Cryptoblabes, Cryptophlebia, DIPTERA, HAWAII, invasive species, LEPIDOPTERA, Nephelium lappaceum, Olethreutinae, Pacific Insects, pest, Pyralidae, Sapindaceae, Tephritidae, TORTRICIDAE}, isbn = {0022-0493}, author = {McQuate, G. T. and Follett, P. A. and Yoshimoto, J. M.} } @article {133, title = {A new species of flightless, jumping, alpine moth of the genus Thyrocopa from Hawaii (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae: Xyloryctinae)}, journal = {ZootaxaZootaxa}, volume = {1830}, year = {2008}, pages = {57-62}, abstract = {A new species of brachypterous, flightless, jumping alpine Thyrocopa moth, T. kikaelekea, is described from Hawaii Island. This new species is similar to T. apatela (Walsingham), another flightless species from Maui Island. Thyrocopa kikaelekea is hypothesized not to be the sister taxon to T. apatela, instead representing an independent loss of flight.}, keywords = {description, flightlessness, Gelechioidea, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Oecophoridae, Pacific Insects, Thyrocopa, Xyloryctidae}, author = {Medeiros, M.J.} } @article {135, title = {Habitat dictates the evolution of flightlessness in a radiation of Hawaiian moths (Thyrocopa: Xyloryctidae)}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {Although the ability to fly confers benefits to most insects, some taxa have become secondarily flightless. Insect flightlessness may be more likely to evolve in environments such as islands and other windswept and alpine areas, but this prediction has rarely been tested while controlling for phylogenetic effects. Here we present a phylogeny for the endemic Hawaiian Lepidoptera genus Thyrocopa, which has two flightless species that occur in alpine areas on Maui and Hawaii islands, and other volant species that live in below-alpine areas. We also explore patterns of inter-island colonization in Thyrocopa, and present the first Hawaiian study to sample a genus from nine islands. The phylogeny is composed of 63 individuals sequenced for portions of COI, EF1α, and wingless, for a total of 1964 base pairs.Results: Our results indicate that two independent invasions of alpine habitats with concomitant loss of flight have occurred in Thyrocopa. Conclusions: Loss of flight ability has evolved in a short period of geologic time in Thyrocopa, perhaps as a result of cold temperatures, high winds, and/or a lack of predation pressure. However, several other Thyrocopa species that live on small islands with consistently high winds, such as Necker and Nihoa islands, retain the ability to fly. }, keywords = {BIOGEOGRAPHY, dispersal, flightlessness, Gelechioidea, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Oecophoridae, Pacific Insects, Phylogeny, Phylogeography, Thyrocopa, Xyloryctidae}, author = {Medeiros, M. J. and Gillespie, R. G.} } @article {136, title = {Notes on Hawaiian micro-Lepidoptera}, journal = {The Entomologist{\textquoteright}s Monthly MagazineThe Entomologist{\textquoteright}s Monthly Magazine}, volume = {20}, year = {1883}, note = {Carposina (Heterocrossa) achroana, Thyrocopa}, pages = {31-36}, keywords = {Carposinidae, Gelechioidea, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Oecophoridae, Pacific Insects, TORTRICIDAE}, author = {Meyrick, E.} } @article {112, title = {Ecological correlates of the non-indigenous parasitoid assemblage associated with a Hawaiian endemic moth}, journal = {OecologiaOecologiaOecologia}, volume = {166}, number = {4}, year = {2011}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 793KGTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 45Kaufman, Leyla V. Wright, Mark G.UsdaThe authors acknowledge USDA-TSTAR for funding. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources and The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii are thanked for facilitating collection permits and access to field sites. Peter Follett, Russell Messing and William Haines are thanked for commenting on an earlier version of the manuscript. Numerous field assistants, particularly Clesson Higashi and Sasha Grant are thanked for assistance with rearing the larvae and growing the plants used in this study.SpringerNew york}, month = {Aug}, pages = {1087-1098}, type = {Article}, abstract = {Understanding what ecological factors might predispose indigenous habitats to invasion by invasive species is an important aspect of conservation and invasive species management, particularly when biological control is considered for suppression of the invasive species. This study seeks to identify ecological factors that might play a role in determining the structure of the parasitoid assemblage associated with caterpillars of the endemic Hawaiian moth Udea stellata (Crambidae). Parasitoids were reared from field-collected U. stellata larvae at 18 locations. Fourteen environmental variables were measured at each site. Two multivariate analyses, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial redundancy analysis (RDA), were used to analyze the parasitoid assemblage across a range of habitats varying in environmental characteristics. The PCA analysis showed that the occurrence of some species were highly correlated, and associated with less disturbed sites, whereas other species were associated with sites of medium and high levels of disturbance. The RDA analysis showed that only three of the measured environmental variables (U. stellata density, elevation, and level of habitat disturbance) significantly explained variability in the parasitoid assemblage among sites. There was greater parasitoid species richness associated with U. stellata larvae at higher elevation sites with a lower degree of habitat disturbance by exotic vegetation. The purposely introduced parasitoid species were associated with the non-target moth at sites located at higher elevations with low levels of disturbance. Multivariate analysis has the potential to provide valuable insights into the identification of important environmental factors that mediate parasitoid assemblage structure and level of parasitism on a particular target or non-target species, and therefore facilitate identification of suitable target habitats or susceptible non-target habitats.}, keywords = {Australia, biocontrol, carabid assemblages, community, elevation, Environmental variables, gradient, HAWAII, host-specificity, LEPIDOPTERA, Multivariate analysis, Non-target impacts, Pacific Insects, Parasitoid assemblage}, isbn = {0029-8549}, author = {Kaufman, L. V. and Wright, M. G.} } @article {116, title = {Biology and distribution of a recently rediscovered endemic Hawaiian leafroller moth, Omiodes continuatalis (Crambidae)}, journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists SocietyJournal of the Lepidopterists SocietyJournal of the Lepidopterists Society}, volume = {63(1)}, year = {2009}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 441XPTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 17King, Cynthia Rubinoff, Daniel Haines, William}, month = {Apr}, pages = {11-20}, type = {Article}, abstract = {The endemic Hawaiian leafroller moth Omiodes continuatalis was documented by early entomologists to be one of the most common species encountered during initial collecting trips in the Hawaiian Islands at the end of the 19th century. The species was declared extinct in 1982, and while subsequent surveys have resulted in their "rediscovery", it is evident that O. continuatalis population have experienced declines and localized extinctions throughout their historical range. The objective of our research was to document the life history, biology, general morphology, and behavior of this little studied species. To complete the investigation, we observed both wild caught and laboratory reared O. continuatalis. We also conducted light trap surveys to document the current distribution of O. continuatalis, to create a document which can be refferenced for future research relating to the biology or conservation of this species.}, keywords = {biology, Crambidae, development, distribution, extinction, fossorial, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Omiodes, Pacific Insects, Pyraloidea}, isbn = {0024-0966}, author = {King, C. and Rubinoff, D. and Haines, W.} } @article {117, title = {Biology of Uresiphita reversalis (Guenee) and comparison with U. polygonalis maorialis (Felder) (Crambidae)}, journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} SocietyJournal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} SocietyJournal of the Lepidopterists Society}, volume = {49(2)}, year = {1995}, pages = {163-170}, abstract = {The biology of Uresiphita reversalis (Guenee) is described, and the unpublished thesis of Mulvay on Uresiphita polygonalis maorialis (Felder) is summarized, The biologies of the two species are identical in many regards, Eggs are cream colored and laid in overlapping clusters of up to 80, Larvae undergo five instars; they are brightly colored, gregarious, and aposematic, Pupae are dark brown, Overwintering usually occurs in the pupal stage, Adults are active nocturnally and are superficially similar, with dark brown forewings and light orange hind wings with brown markings along the outer margin, In contrast to larvae, adults of both species are suspected to be palatable to predators on the basis of their color, nocturnal activity, and absence of sequestered quinolizidine alkaloids in adults of U. reversalis, Both species are multivoltine, Larvae of U, reversalis are diurnally active but feed throughout the night under warm temperatures,}, keywords = {biology, Crambidae, distribution, fabaceae, HAWAII, HOST, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, Pyraloidea, Sophora chrysophylla, Uresiphita}, author = {Leen, R.} } @article {118, title = {Larval hosts of Uresiphita Hubner (Crambidae)}, journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} SocietyJournal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {51(2)}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {139-148}, type = {Article}, abstract = {A survey of the literature and museum collections of Uresiphita indicates larval hosts are primarily quinolizidirie-bearing plants in tribes of the Fabaceae. Three species, Uresiphita reversalis, U. ornithopteralis and U. polygonalis, were collected from seven genera in the Genisteae (Chamaecytisus, Genista, Lupinus, Spartium, Laburnum, Ulex and Cytisus) and from three genera in the Sophoreae (Sophora, Pericopsis and Bolusanthus). Two species, U. reversalis and U. polygonalis, were collected from three genera in the Thermopsidae (Baptisia, Anagyris and Piptanthus) and two, U. reversalis and U. ornithopteralis, were collected from two genera in the Bossiaceeae (Hovea and Templetonia). A few legume species that are not known to bear quinolizidine alkaloids were also reported. In particular, U. reversalis, U. polygonalis, and U. ornithopteralis were each collected from Acacia (Mimosaceae) in areas as widely distributed as Australia and the United States (California, Texas and Hawaii). This is a consistent anomaly in the overall host-use pattern. Other nonleguminous species have been reported but are probably not indicative of hosts upon which development may be completed.}, keywords = {Acacia, Australia, California, Crambidae, distribution, fabaceae, HAWAII, HOST, LEPIDOPTERA, North America, Pacific Insects, Pyraloidea, Sophora chrysophylla, Texas, Uresiphita}, isbn = {0024-0966}, author = {Leen, Rosemary} } @article {101, title = {Evolutionary ecology of aeolian and subterranean habitats in Hawaii}, journal = {Trends in Ecology and EvolutionTrends in Ecology and EvolutionTrends in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {2}, number = {7}, year = {1987}, pages = {220-223}, abstract = {Inhospitable lava flows, high altitude stone deserts and subterranean habitats in the Hawaiian islands are now know to support a considerable variety of endemic arthropod species. Current studies of these organisms are revealing a remarkable range of morphological, behavioral and physiological adaptations to the physically extreme environments they inhabit.}, keywords = {AEOLIAN, amphipoda, Aranaea, Carabidae, Carcinophoridae, caves, Chilopoda, Cixiidae, Coleoptera, Collembola, Crustacea, Dermaptera, Diplopoda, ecology, Entomobryiidae, EVOLUTION, Gryllidae, habitat, HAWAII, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Isopoda, LEPIDOPTERA, Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Mesoveliidae, Noctuidae, Oonopidae, ORTHOPTERA, Pacific Insects, Pseudoscorpion, Reduviidae, Schrankia, Spiders}, author = {Howarth, F. G.} } @article {104, title = {Demographic analysis of delayed mating in mating disruption: A case study with Cryptophelbia illepida (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)}, journal = {Journal of Economic EntomologyJournal of Economic Entomology}, volume = {94}, number = {4}, year = {2001}, month = {2001/08/01}, pages = {785-792}, publisher = {Entomological Society of America}, abstract = {Laboratory-derived life tables were used to determine the effect of delaying mating of adult female koa seedworm, Cryptophlebia illepida (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), 4 and 6 d on population growth rates. Leslie matrices were developed from the life tables and used to project the effects for approximately four generations. Delay of mating caused a decrease in population growth rate and also resulted in asynchronous population cycling between control (1-d delay) and the delayed treatments. By the fourth generation, the control population began to increase 10 and 14 d before the 4- and 6-d delay treatments, respectively. Increasing the mortality of females during the first 7 d of adult life resulted in a greater reduction of the populations where mating was delayed than in the control populations. This result suggests that even at relatively low levels of natural enemy mortality, there is a synergistic effect when mating is delayed. The implications of these effects on mating disruption management programs are discussed.}, keywords = {control, Cryptophlebia, Grapholitini, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, mating, Olethreutinae, Pacific Insects, TORTRICIDAE}, isbn = {0022-0493}, author = {Jones, Vincent P. and Aihara-Sasaki, Maria} } @article {105, title = {Life tables for the koa seedworm (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) based on degree-day demography}, journal = {Environmental EntomologyEnvironmental Entomology}, volume = {26}, number = {6}, year = {1997}, pages = {1291-1298}, abstract = {The usefulness of demography performed on a degree-day scale is examined using laboratory studies on the koa seedworm, Cryptophelbia illepida (Butler). By using degree-day accumulations in fecundity tables, we show that direct comparisons between time-sensitive parameters is possible and helps to determine sensitivity of the organism to temperature variations. Degree-day demography resulted in life table parameters that were similar between temperatures compared with variation when demographic parameters were based on calendar days.}, keywords = {biology, Cryptophlebia, Grapholitini, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Olethreutinae, Pacific Insects, TORTRICIDAE}, author = {Jones, V. P. and Tome, C.H.M. and Caprio, L.C.} } @article {83, title = {Rediscovery of five species of Omiodes Guenee (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Hawai{\textquoteright}i Island}, journal = {Bishop Museum Occasional PapersBishop Museum Occasional Papers}, volume = {79}, year = {2004}, note = {Omiodes anastreptaOmiodes anastreptoidesOmiodes asaphombraOmiodes continuatalisOmiodes monogona [Hawaii / / New record].Omiodes anastrepta (Pyralidae): [New record].Omiodes anastreptoides (Pyralidae): [New record].Omiodes asaphombra (Pyralidae): [New record].Omiodes continuatalis (Pyralidae): [New record].Omiodes monogona (Pyralidae): [New record].}, month = {27}, pages = {45-49}, type = {Article}, keywords = {Crambidae, distribution, HAWAII, HOST, LEPIDOPTERA, Omiodes, Pacific Insects, PARASITISM}, isbn = {0893-1348}, author = {Haines, W. P. and Giffin, J. and Foote, D.} } @article {84, title = {A recent outbreak of the Hawaiian koa moth, Scotorythra paludicola (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), and a review of outbreaks between 1892 and 2003}, journal = {Pacific SciencePacific Science}, volume = {63}, number = {3}, year = {2009}, note = {Cited Reference Count: many ref.}, pages = {349-369}, type = {article}, abstract = {The koa moth, Scotorythra paludicola, is an endemic Hawaiian moth that undergoes sporadic outbreaks in koa forests in Hawai{\textquoteright}i, causing vast defoliations of its host plant, Acacia koa. We studied one such outbreak that occurred on East Maui in 2003, in which approximately 16 km2 of forest were defoliated. We collected adult moths and larvae, and recorded size-class distribution of larvae in defoliated regions. Larvae at a given site tended to be of a similar size class, suggesting that outbreaks were synchronous, and mean development time from first instar to adulthood was 42 days under laboratory conditions. Mortality of field-collected, laboratory-reared larvae due to disease was high (80\%), making it impossible to quantify meaningful parasitism rates, but three non-native hymenopteran primary parasitoids were reared (the braconids Meteorus laphygmae and Cotesia marginiventris, and the ichneumonid Hyposoter exiguae). One ichneumonid hyperparasitoid, Gelis sp., was also reared. No native parasitoids were reared. We found no relationship between occurrence of five koa moth outbreaks on East Maui between 1920 and 2006 and annual or monthly precipitation or temperature during that period.}, keywords = {Acacia koa, Geometridae, HAWAII, HOST, LEPIDOPTERA, Maui, outbreaks, Pacific Insects, PARASITISM, Scotorythra}, isbn = {0030-8870}, author = {Haines, W. P. and Heddle, M. L. and Welton, P. and Rubinoff, D.} } @article {85, title = {A new record of the fruit piercing moth Oraesia excavata (Butler) (Erebidae: Calpinae: Calpini) for Hawaii and the United States}, journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists SocietyJournal of the Lepidopterists Society}, volume = {65}, number = {1}, year = {2011}, pages = {53-57}, abstract = {In November 2009, an exotic fruit piercing moth was collected at an elevation of 1125 m in Kula, Maui, Hawaii by W. G. King, and the specimen was submitted with his insect collection for an introductory entomology course at the University of Hawaii. Soon thereafter, the species was independently collected by the authors and others from other localities on the islands of Maui, Kauai, Oahu, and Hawaii (C. Campora, B. Kumashiro, C. Jacobsen pers. comm.), and tentatively identified as Oraesia excavata (Butler) (Erebidae: Calpinae: Calpini), which was confirmed by M. Pogue (2010). To our knowledge, this is the first record of establishment of O. excavata outside of Asia, and certainly the first record of establishment in the USA. Widespread surveys have not taken place, so the full extent of the invasion within Hawaii remains unknown. However, the species has been collected from widely dispersed sites on the islands of Kauai, Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii, and eradication is not considered a possibility.}, keywords = {Erebidae, HAWAII, invasive species, LEPIDOPTERA, Noctuidae, Noctuioidea, Pacific Insects}, author = {Haines, W.P. and Starr, Forest and Starr, Kim and King, W. Garfield} } @mastersthesis {90, title = {Systematics and phylogenetics of the endemic genus Scotorythra (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in the Hawaiian Islands}, year = {2003}, pages = {310}, school = {University of California}, type = {PhD}, address = {Berkeley}, abstract = {The Hawaiian archipelago hosts a remarkable diversity of Lepidoptera despite its extreme isolation from any mainland region. The genus Scotorythra (Geometridae: Ennominae), with 43 species, may be the most diverse group of macrolepidoptera within the archipelago. Although never evaluated within a phylogenetic framework, and despite considerable morphological diversity, all species have been considered part of a single radiation. In order to establish whether the radiation is the result of a single colonization and to provide an evolutionary hypothesis for a systematic treatment of Scotorythra, 605 base pairs of COI and 39 morphological characters were used to reconstruct a phylogeny. Three species of Cleora from the Society and Austral islands were used as outgroups in order to test the assumption of monophyly. Primarily, genitalic characters are used for species delimitation because wing are variable in many species. However, several characters of the wings, legs, abdomen, and head are useful for distinguishing species groups. Closely allied species are often endemic on different islands which sometimes can be used as an aid in identification. Host-plant records for this group have previously been either unknown or unconfirmed. Both Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony analyses, support a hypothesis of a single colonization event. Species defined on the basis of genitalic features are well supported by the molecular data. The results present a hypothesis for allopatric speciation. Male secondary sexual characteristics involved with pheromone dispersal appear to have evolved multiple times throughout the group suggesting an adaptive role for these structures. Through rearing and surveys of private and museum collections, host associations for twenty-two species are now confirmed and presented here and 14 new species are described.}, keywords = {description, distribution, Geometridae, HAWAII, HOST, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, phylogenetics, Scotorythra, taxonomy}, author = {Heddle, A.L.} } @article {91, title = {Conservation status and research on the Fabulous Green Sphinx of Kaua{\textquoteright}i, Tinostoma smaragditis (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), including checklists of the vascular plants of the diverse mesic forests of Kaua{\textquoteright}i, Hawai{\textquoteright}i}, journal = {Pacific SciencePacific Science}, volume = {54(1)}, year = {2000}, month = {Jan.}, pages = {1-9}, type = {Article}, abstract = {In 1895, a moth was captured in a mountain home in Makaweli, Kaua{\textquoteright}i, that would captivate and elude entomologists for the next century. Tinostoma smaragditis (Meyrick), aptly nicknamed the "Fabulous Green Sphinx of Kauai{\textquoteright}i" is a stunningly beautiful moth with green wings and thorax, pale brown hind wings, and orange antennae. Eighteen individuals are known to have been collected on Kaua{\textquoteright}i. However, despite extensive searches in areas around Koke{\textquoteright}e, all the specimens discovered until the 1990s were incidental catches, and the natural habitat and host plant of the moth remained unknown. This study describes the results of extensive searches of the diverse mesic forests with the aim of establishing range, habitat, and host-plant associations of the Fabulous Green Sphinx. In February 1998 a male T. smaragditis was attracted to a mercury vapor light set up in the diverse mesic forest. Subsequently, one other specimen was collected in a similar habitat type on another part of the island. However, the host plant of the moth remains unknown. In this paper we provide a history of collections, a summary of known biology, and a guide to potential host plants, including checklists of vascular plants found in the diverse mesic forests of two locations where T. smaragditis was found, Kalalau and Mahanaloa Valleys on Kaua{\textquoteright}i.}, keywords = {CONSERVATION, distribution, HAWAII, HOST, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, Sphingidae}, isbn = {0030-8870}, author = {Heddle, M. L. and Wood, K. R. and Asquith, A. and Gillespie, R. G.} } @article {99, title = {Status of Rhynchopalpus brunellus in the Hawaiian Islands, with comments on the systematics of the Nolinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)}, journal = {Bishop Museum Occasional PapersBishop Museum Occasional Papers}, volume = {42}, year = {1995}, note = {figures missing; provides new synonymies and systematics of Nolinae}, pages = {31-34}, keywords = {HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Noctuidae, Nolidae, Pacific Insects}, author = {Holloway, J.D. and Miller, S. E.} } @article {75, title = {Curatorial Report on the Midway Arthropod Collection}, journal = {Hawaii Biological SurveyHawaii Biological Survey}, volume = {Contribution No. 2003-020}, year = {2003}, note = {unpublished report?}, pages = {10 p.}, abstract = {The following is a detailed description of the Midway arthropod collection currently housed at Bishop Museum, including its current level of curation and the conditions under which it is maintained. The list of available specimens is largely in agreement with the list of taxa supplied by Gordon Nishida in 1998. Missing taxa likely represent specimens known only by singletons or specimens currently out on loan. Counts include specimens collected in 1997 and 1998, and 2000. In the course of compiling this list twonew records for Midway have been discovered. One of these species appears to be new to Hawaii.}, keywords = {Bactra, Blattodea, Coleoptera, Cosmopterygidae, Crambidae, Crocidosema, Dermaptera, DIPTERA, distribution, EULOPHIDAE, Formicidae, Gelechioidea, Geometridae, HAWAII, Hemiptera, HYMENOPTERA, Ichneumonidae, insects, Isoptera, LEPIDOPTERA, Noctuidae, Nymphalidae, Odynerus, Oecophoridae, Olethreutinae, Pacific Insects, Pacific Islands, Pheidole, Plutellidae, Polistes, Psocoptera, Pterophoridae, Sphingidae, Tineidae, TORTRICIDAE, Vespidae}, author = {Gonsalves, T.M.} } @booklet {51, title = {Barefoot on lava: The journals and correspondence of naturalist R.C.L. Perkins in Hawaii, 1892-1901}, year = {2007}, note = {Fauna Hawaiiensis}, pages = {412}, publisher = {Bishop Museum Press}, address = {Honolulu}, keywords = {BIRDS, Coleoptera, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects}, author = {Evenhuis, N. L.} } @article {42, title = {Subzero temperature adaptations in arthropods from the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii}, journal = {Journal of Experimental ZoologyJournal of Experimental Zoology}, volume = {259}, number = {3}, year = {1991}, pages = {409-412}, publisher = {Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company}, abstract = {A preliminary study of subzero temperature adaptations was made of arthropods from the summit (4,200 m) of Mauna Kea, Hawaii. This barren, alpine stone desert aeolian habitat commonly experiences snow and nightly subzero temperatures in spite of its subtropical location. In mid-December, collections were made of a wolf spider (Lycosa sp.). the lygaeid bug (Nysius wekiuicola), and a noctuid caterpillar (Agrotis sp.). The Agrotis caterpillars were freeze tolerant. They had quite high supercooling points (SCP = -4.8{\textdegree}C) and survived a 24 hr frozen exposure at -6.2{\textdegree}C. The site of nucleation is apparently not the hemolymph, as the hemolymph SCP was -15.1{\textdegree}C. The spiders and wekiu bugs were not freeze tolerant. The SCPs of the spiders (X = -5.8{\textdegree}C) were not particularly low, but these highly mobile arthropods may be able to seek thermally buffered microhabitats when the need arises. The wekiu bugs showed greater supercooling abilities, with some individuals supercooling to -18{\textdegree}C, although the SCPs were quite variable. The subzero temperature adaptations of the arthropods from such an isolated subtropical site are remarkable adaptive capabilities.}, keywords = {Aranaea, behavior, biology, ecology, habitat, HAWAII, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, LEPIDOPTERA, Lycosidae, Mauna Kea, Noctuidae, Nysius, Pacific Insects, physiology}, isbn = {1097-010X}, author = {Duman, John G. and Montgomery, Steven L.} } @article {21, title = {New Central American microlepidoptera introduced into the Hawaiian Islands}, journal = {Proceedings of the Entomological Society of WashingtonProceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington}, volume = {12}, year = {1910}, pages = {132-135}, keywords = {biocontrol, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, TORTRICIDAE}, author = {Busck, A.} } @article {24, title = {Larval host-plant testing of Tinostoma smaragditis (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), the fabulous green sphinx of Kaua{\textquoteright}i}, journal = {Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological SocietyProceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society}, volume = {32}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {83-90}, type = {Article}, abstract = {A specimen of an extremely rare sphingid Tinostoma smaragditis, endemic to the island of Kauai, Hawaii was collected in late July 1992. prior to expiring, it oviposited 56 eggs of which 79\% were fertile and enclosed, providing a brief opportunity to discover its unknown, larval host-plant(s). Almost 140 species of plants, many endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, were offered to the larvae through a combination of 3 methods. Among the plants was the species upon which the adult was found as well as suspected host plant species. Larvae did not respond to any plant species tested; larvae attempting to feed or actually feeding were not observed. Thus, the host-plant(s) remains unknown. Names of plant species offered to the larvae are provided and are considered unlikely host-plants given the lack of immature response}, keywords = {distribution, HAWAII, HOST, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, Sphingidae}, isbn = {0073-134X}, author = {Campbell, Clinton L. and Ishii, Laura M.} } @article {3, title = {Distribution and host records of new agricultural pests and other organisms in Hawaii}, year = {2002}, pages = {1-18}, institution = {Survey Program}, address = {Honolulu}, keywords = {agriculture, HAWAII, HERBIVORY, HOST, HYMENOPTERA, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, PARASITISM}, author = {Hawaii Department of Agriculture} } @article {7, title = {Availability of food resources, distribution of invasive species, and conservation of a Hawaiian bird along a gradient of elevation}, journal = {Journal of BiogeographyJournal of Biogeography}, volume = {29}, number = {5-6}, year = {2002}, note = {Times Cited: 5}, pages = {789-808}, abstract = {Aim We evaluated how an elevation gradient affects: (1) the availability of food required by a specialist seed-eater, Loxioides bailleui Oustalet (Drepanidinae), or palila, and hence the distribution of this endangered Hawaiian bird, and (2) the distribution of alien threats to Loxioides populations, their primary foods, and their dry-forest habitat, and hence strategies for their conservation. Location We worked throughout the subalpine forest that encircles Mauna Kea Volcano, Hawaii Island, but we focused our studies mainly on the western slope between 2000 and 3000 m elevation, where the gradient of elevation was greatest and palila were most abundant. Methods We determined phenology and productivity patterns of the endemic dry-forest tree species, Sophora chrysophylla (Salisb.) Seem. (Fabaceae), or mamane, which provides Loxioides with most of their food, and another common endemic tree, Myoporum sandwicense A. Gray (Myoporaceae), or naio, which provides some resources, along a 786-m elevation gradient at monthly intervals for 10 years (Sophora only). We also determined the availability each month of moth larvae (Lepidoptera) for that were important in the diet of nestling and adult palila. In addition, we documented the incidence of parasitism on moth larvae by several wasp (Hymenoptera) and fly (Diptera) species, and we determined the distribution of predatory wasps and ants (Hymenoptera), which potentially threaten insect prey of birds. Percentage cover of alien grass species that pose fire threats in palila habitat and other weeds were assessed during one survey. Small mammal abundance and distribution were determined by trapping during three (rodent) or five (carnivore) surveys. Results Sophora flower and seed (pod) availability varied predictably along the elevation gradient, with about 4 months separating peaks in reproduction at high and low elevations. This, together with highly variable production of flowers and pods within elevation strata, resulted in Sophora resources being available to Loxioides throughout the year on the western slope of Mauna Kea. Sophora produced flowers and pods more seasonally where gradients of elevation were short; thus, resources were available less consistently. In contrast, Myoporum produced flowers and fruits with little variation with respect to season or elevation. The availability of important insect prey of Loxioides was also related to elevation, in part because threats to Lepidoptera larvae from parasitic wasps were generally less at higher elevations. Threats to insect prey from predatory ants was also less at higher elevations but the abundance of predatory wasps was not related to elevation. Several weeds that pose the most serious threats to Loxioides habitat were more abundant at mid and low elevations, and alien grass cover was somewhat greater at mid elevation, thereby increasing fire risks in the centre of Loxioides habitat. Predatory mammals, in particular Felis catus Linnaeus, were common throughout the subalpine forest of Mauna Kea. However, Rattus rattus Linnaeus was rare, especially at higher elevations, whereas Mus musculus Linnaeus was more abundant at lower elevations. Main conclusions Loxioides are concentrated in habitat that is distributed along a substantial gradient of elevation at least in part because food is available throughout the year and threats to food resources are less concentrated. To recover Loxioides elsewhere in its former range, habitats must be restored and alien threats reduced along extensive elevation gradients. Conservation along environmental gradients will likely benefit other Hawaiian birds that track the availability of food across landscapes or that have been stranded in the higher portions of their original ranges because of the greater impacts of alien diseases, predators, food competitors, and habitat stressors at lower elevations.}, keywords = {BIRDS, CYDIA, FORAGING, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, PALILA, PARASITISM, TORTRICIDAE}, isbn = {0305-0270}, author = {Banko, P. C. and Oboyski, P. T. and Slotterback, J. W. and Dougill, S. J. and Goltz, D. M. and Johnson, L. and Laut, M. E. and Murray, T. C.} } @article {17, title = {Parasitism of Cydia spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on Sophora chrysophylla (Fabaceae) along an elevation gradient of dry subalpine forest on Mauna Kea, Hawaii}, journal = {Pan-Pacific EntomologistPan-Pacific Entomologist}, volume = {78}, number = {2}, year = {2002}, note = {Times Cited: 4}, pages = {101-109}, abstract = {The biology and ecological importance of Hawaiian endemic Cydia spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) are poorly known. Cydia larvae are an important food to palila, an endangered Hawaiian bird that inhabits Sophora woodlands on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. We quantified Cydia larval abundance in seeds of Sophora chrysophylla Salisbury (Fabaceae) and larval mortality caused by parasitism. Four new host plant associations are reported: C. crassicornis [Walsingham], C. falsifalcella [Walsingham], C. obliqua [Walsingham], and C. storeella [Walsingham]. Four parasitoid wasp species were consistently reared from larval Cydia: Calliephialtes grapholithae [Cresson], Diadegma blackburni [Cameron], Pristomerus hawaiiensis Perkins (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and Euderus metallicus [Ashmead] (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The three Ichneumonidae appear to be accidental introductions, while E. metallicus is likely to be native to Hawaii. Parasitism rates by all four wasps combined decreased with elevation from 94\% at 1800 m to 20\% at 2700 m.}, keywords = {BIRDS, CALLIEPHIALTES, CONSERVATION, CYDIA, DIADEGMA, EUDERUS, EULOPHIDAE, HAWAII, HYMENOPTERA, Ichneumonidae, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, PALILA, PARASITISM, PRISTOMERUS, TORTRICIDAE}, isbn = {0031-0603}, author = {Brenner, G. J. and Oboyski, P. T. and Banko, P. C.} }