@article {257,
	title = {Insects of Campbell Island. Lepidoptera: Tineidae, Elachistidae, Hyponomeutidae, Oecophoridae, Tortricidae, Pterophoridae, Noctuidae},
	journal = {Pacific Insects MonographPacific Insects Monograph},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1964},
	pages = {255-259},
	keywords = {Archipini, distribution, Elachistidae, Ericodesma, Gelechioidea, Hyponomeutidae, LEPIDOPTERA, Noctuidae, Oecophoridae, Pacific Insects, Pterophoridae, Pyrgotis, Tineidae, TORTRICIDAE, Tortricinae},
	author = {Yano, K.}
}
@article {233,
	title = {Some observations on forest insects at the Nauhi nursery and vicinity on Hawaii},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological SocietyProceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {1932},
	pages = {179-192},
	keywords = {Bactra, BIODIVERSITY, Carposina, Carposinidae, Coleoptera, Cosmopterigidae, Crambidae, CYDIA, Epiphyas postvittana, Eudonia, EUPITHECIA, Geometridae, Grapholitini, HAKALAU, HAWAII, Hyposmocoma, LEPIDOPTERA, Lycaenidae, Noctuidae, Nymphalidae, Oecophoridae, Olethreutinae, Omiodes, Opogona, Pacific Insects, Pieridae, Pieris rapae, Pterophoridae, Pyraloidea, Scotorythra, Thyrocopa, Tineidae, TORTRICIDAE, Udara, Vanessa},
	author = {Swezey, O. H. and Williams, F. X.}
}
@article {143,
	title = {The Micro-Lepidoptera of the "St. George" Expedition},
	journal = {Transactions of the Entomological Society of LondonTransactions of the Entomological Society of London},
	volume = {76(2)},
	year = {1929},
	note = {Publication says 1928 (published "December 31, 1928"), but references to it by Clarke and review of Meyrick publications by Fletcher say 1929},
	pages = {489-521},
	abstract = {In the Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. for 1926, pp. 269-278, I discussed the Micro-Lepidoptera obtained during the "St. George" Expedition, 1924-1925, from the Galapagos and the island of Rapa. In May of this present year the remainder of the Micro-Lepidoptera collected in other localities in the course of the same expedition were also placed in my hands by the British Museum authorities; these have been investigated, and the results which are now set forth should be read in connection with those given in the previous paper quoted, which are not repeated here except where necessary. The types are preserved in the British Museum. Over 1000 specimens were included in the present consignment, of which about two-thirds are from Pacific islands, the remaining third being from small islands closely adjacent to the American coast; these two sections are entirely unrelated, and are treated separately. The majority of the specimens were collected by Mr. C.L. Collenette and Miss C.E. Longfield, including all those where no captor is specially mentioned; but a proportion were taken by Miss L.E. Cheesman, and in the case of these her name in always recorded.},
	keywords = {Acroclita, Amorbia, Argyroploce, Austral Islands, Bactra, Capua, Carposinidae, Columbia, Cosmopterygidae, Crocidosema, Dichelopa, Eucosma, French Polynesia, Gelechioidea, Glyphipterygidae, Gracillariidae, Hyponomeutidae, Laspeyresia, LEPIDOPTERA, Lyonetiidae, Marquesas, Nesoscopa, Oecophoridae, Orneodidae, Pacific Insects, Panama, POLYNESIA, Pterophoridae, Society Islands, Sparganothis, Spilonota, Tineidae, TORTRICIDAE, Tuamotu},
	author = {Meyrick, E.}
}
@article {133,
	title = {A new species of flightless, jumping, alpine moth of the genus <i>Thyrocopa</i> from Hawaii (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae: Xyloryctinae)},
	journal = {ZootaxaZootaxa},
	volume = {1830},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {57-62},
	abstract = {A new species of brachypterous, flightless, jumping alpine Thyrocopa moth, T. kikaelekea, is described from Hawaii Island. This new species is similar to T. apatela (Walsingham), another flightless species from Maui Island. Thyrocopa kikaelekea is hypothesized not to be the sister taxon to T. apatela, instead representing an independent loss of flight.},
	keywords = {description, flightlessness, Gelechioidea, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Oecophoridae, Pacific Insects, Thyrocopa, Xyloryctidae},
	author = {Medeiros, M.J.}
}
@article {134,
	title = {Biogeography and the evolution of flightlessness in a radiation of Hawaiian moths (Xyloryctidae: Thyrocopa)},
	journal = {Journal of BiogeographyJournal of Biogeography},
	volume = {38},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {101-111},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	abstract = {Aim Although the ability to fly confers benefits to most insects, some taxa have become secondarily flightless. Insect flightlessness may be more likely to evolve in environments such as islands and other windswept and alpine areas, but this prediction has rarely been tested while controlling for phylogenetic effects. Here we present a phylogeny for the endemic Hawaiian Lepidoptera genus Thyrocopa, which has two flightless species that occur in alpine areas on Maui and Hawaii islands, in order to determine whether the flightless species are sister to each other or represent separate losses of flight. We also explore divergence times and biogeographic patterns of inter-island colonization in Thyrocopa, and present the first Hawaiian study to sample a genus from nine islands. Location The Hawaiian Islands. Methods The phylogeny is composed of 70 individuals (including 23 Thyrocopa species and 7 outgroup species) sequenced for portions of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, elongation factor 1α and wingless genes, for a total of 1964~base pairs, and was estimated using both parsimony (paup*) and Bayesian inference (MrBayes). Divergence times were estimated using the beast software package. Results Our results indicate that two independent invasions of alpine habitats with concomitant loss of flight have occurred in Thyrocopa. Based on current taxon sampling, Thyrocopa colonized the Hawaiian Islands slightly before the formation of Kauai. In terms of overall patterns of diversification, subclades generally follow a progression from older to younger islands. The genus has the greatest number of species on Kauai, with species numbers generally decreasing with decreasing island age. Main conclusions Loss of flight ability has evolved twice in a short period of geological time in Thyrocopa, perhaps as a result of low temperatures, high winds and/or a lack of predation pressure. However, several other Thyrocopa species that live on small islands with consistently high winds, such as Necker and Nihoa islands, retain the ability to fly.},
	keywords = {dispersal, flightless insects, Gelechioidea, island evolution, Kahoolawe, LEPIDOPTERA, Necker, Nihoa, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Oecophoridae, Pacific Insects, Phylogeny, Thyrocopa, Xyloryctidae},
	isbn = {1365-2699},
	author = {Medeiros, Matthew J. and Gillespie, Rosemary G.}
}
@article {135,
	title = {Habitat dictates the evolution of flightlessness in a radiation of Hawaiian moths (Thyrocopa: Xyloryctidae)},
	year = {Submitted},
	abstract = {Although the ability to fly confers benefits to most insects, some taxa have become secondarily flightless.  Insect flightlessness may be more likely to evolve in environments such as islands and other windswept and alpine areas, but this prediction has rarely been tested while controlling for phylogenetic effects.  Here we present a phylogeny for the endemic Hawaiian Lepidoptera genus Thyrocopa, which has two flightless species that occur in alpine areas on Maui and Hawaii islands, and other volant species that live in below-alpine areas. We also explore patterns of inter-island colonization in Thyrocopa, and present the first Hawaiian study to sample a genus from nine islands. The phylogeny is composed of 63 individuals sequenced for portions of COI, EF1α, and wingless, for a total of 1964 base pairs.Results:  Our results indicate that two independent invasions of alpine habitats with concomitant loss of flight have occurred in Thyrocopa.  Conclusions: Loss of flight ability has evolved in a short period of geologic time in Thyrocopa, perhaps as a result of cold temperatures, high winds, and/or a lack of predation pressure.  However, several other Thyrocopa species that live on small islands with consistently high winds, such as Necker and Nihoa islands, retain the ability to fly.  },
	keywords = {BIOGEOGRAPHY, dispersal, flightlessness, Gelechioidea, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Oecophoridae, Pacific Insects, Phylogeny, Phylogeography, Thyrocopa, Xyloryctidae},
	author = {Medeiros, M. J. and Gillespie, R. G.}
}
@article {136,
	title = {Notes on Hawaiian micro-Lepidoptera},
	journal = {The Entomologist{\textquoteright}s Monthly MagazineThe Entomologist{\textquoteright}s Monthly Magazine},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1883},
	note = {Carposina (Heterocrossa) achroana, Thyrocopa},
	pages = {31-36},
	keywords = {Carposinidae, Gelechioidea, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Oecophoridae, Pacific Insects, TORTRICIDAE},
	author = {Meyrick, E.}
}
@book {97,
	title = {Lepidoptera of Norfolk Island, their biogeography and ecology},
	series = {Series Entomologica},
	volume = {13},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {291},
	publisher = {W. Junk},
	organization = {W. Junk},
	address = {The Hague},
	keywords = {Blastobasidae, Carposinidae, Crambidae, distribution, Elachistidae, Epermeniidae, Gelechiidae, Glyphipterygidae, Gracillariidae, Lecithoceridae, LEPIDOPTERA, Lyonetiidae, Momphidae, Norfolk Island, Oecophoridae, Pacific Insects, Pterophoridae, Pyralidae, Tineidae, TORTRICIDAE, Yponomeutidae},
	author = {Holloway, J.D.}
}
@article {75,
	title = {Curatorial Report on the Midway Arthropod Collection},
	journal = {Hawaii Biological SurveyHawaii Biological Survey},
	volume = {Contribution No. 2003-020},
	year = {2003},
	note = {unpublished report?},
	pages = {10 p.},
	abstract = {The following is a detailed description of the Midway arthropod collection currently housed at Bishop Museum, including its current level of curation and the conditions under which it is maintained. The list of available specimens is largely in agreement with the list of taxa supplied by Gordon Nishida in 1998. Missing taxa likely represent specimens known only by singletons or specimens currently out on loan. Counts include specimens collected in 1997 and 1998, and 2000. In the course of compiling this list twonew records for Midway have been discovered. One of these species appears to be new to Hawaii.},
	keywords = {Bactra, Blattodea, Coleoptera, Cosmopterygidae, Crambidae, Crocidosema, Dermaptera, DIPTERA, distribution, EULOPHIDAE, Formicidae, Gelechioidea, Geometridae, HAWAII, Hemiptera, HYMENOPTERA, Ichneumonidae, insects, Isoptera, LEPIDOPTERA, Noctuidae, Nymphalidae, Odynerus, Oecophoridae, Olethreutinae, Pacific Insects, Pacific Islands, Pheidole, Plutellidae, Polistes, Psocoptera, Pterophoridae, Sphingidae, Tineidae, TORTRICIDAE, Vespidae},
	author = {Gonsalves, T.M.}
}
@article {41,
	title = {Insects of Campbell Island: Appendix. Lepidoptera: Geometridae},
	journal = {Pacific Insects MonographPacific Insects Monograph},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1964},
	note = {Checklist summary of Lepidoptera added as last page from Gressit (1964) Insects of Campbell Island. Summary},
	pages = {6007-623},
	keywords = {Cosmopterigidae, Crambidae, distribution, Elachistidae, Geometridae, Hyponomeutidae, LEPIDOPTERA, Noctuidae, Oecophoridae, Pacific Insects, Pterophoridae, Pyralidae, Tineidae, TORTRICIDAE},
	author = {Dugdale, J.S.}
}
@article {32,
	title = {Microlepidoptera of Juan Fernandez Islands},
	journal = {Proceedings of the United States National MuseumProceedings of the United States National Museum},
	volume = {117},
	year = {1965},
	pages = {1-106},
	keywords = {Blastodacnidae, Choreutidae, Crambidae, Crocidosema, distribution, Gelechiidae, Gelechioidea, LEPIDOPTERA, Lyonetiidae, Momphidae, Nesochoris, Oecophoridae, Pacific Insects, Parsuleima, Proeulia, Pterophoridae, Pyralidae, Pyraloidea, taxonomy, Tineidae, TORTRICIDAE, Yponomeutidae},
	author = {Clarke, J.F.G}
}
