@article {211, title = {Ecologically and morphologically remarkable new cosmet moth species of the genus Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, with reference to the spectacular diversity of larval cases}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of AmericaAnnals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {104}, number = {1}, year = {2011}, month = {2011/01/01}, pages = {1-15}, publisher = {Entomological Society of America}, abstract = {Hyposmocoma is an endemic Hawaiian moth genus with >330 recognized species occupying a remarkable range of ecological habits and exhibiting a high degree of variation typical of adaptive radiations. Within this diverse genus, some species have evolved intriguing and globally rare lifestyles, such as predatory or aquatic caterpillars. There are still many undescribed species in the genus, and no current work succinctly covers the range of their diversity. We describe nine new species in an attempt to demonstrate some of the remarkable ecological and phenotypic diversity displayed by species in the genus in a concise format: Hyposmocoma carnivora sp. nov. from the island of Hawaii; Hyposmocoma eliai sp. nov. Hyposmocoma nohomaalewa sp. nov., and Hyposmocoma waikamoi sp. nov. from the island of Kauai; and Hyposmocoma papaiili sp. nov., Hyposmocoma pukoa sp. nov., Hyposmocoma pupumoehewa sp. nov., Hyposmocoma opuulaau sp. nov., and Hyposmocoma waikamoi sp. nov. from the island of Maui. Although the taxa presented here do not represent a monophyletic group with respect to the rest of Hyposmocoma, they represent some of the most striking aspects of Hyposmocoma diversity as a whole.}, keywords = {biology, Cosmopterigidae, description, Gelechioidea, genitalia, HAWAII, Hyposmocoma, LEPIDOPTERA, morphology, Pacific Insects, PREDATION, snails}, isbn = {0013-8746}, author = {Schmitz, Patrick and Rubinoff, Daniel} } @article {212, title = {The Hawaiian amphibious caterpillar guild: new species of Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) confirm distinct aquatic invasions and complex speciation patterns}, journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean SocietyZoological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {162}, number = {1}, year = {2011}, pages = {15-42}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {Although aquatic caterpillars are a globally rare lifestyle, we have found them in multiple, independent lineages of the endemic moth genus Hyposmocoma across all of the Hawaiian Islands with flowing water. We formally describe 11 new species of Hyposmocoma that belong to four different larval case types: cone, bugle, medium burrito, and large burrito: Hyposmocoma kahamanoasp. nov. from Oahu Island, Hyposmocoma kamakou sp. nov. from Molokai Island, Hyposmocoma kahaiaosp. nov., Hyposmocoma waihohonusp. nov., and Hyposmocoma moopalikeasp. nov. from Maui Island, andHyposmocoma aumakuawaisp. nov.,Hyposmocoma eepawaisp. nov., Hyposmocoma ipowainuisp. nov., Hyposmocoma kawaikoisp. nov., Hyposmocoma uhauiolesp. nov., and Hyposmocoma wailuasp. nov. from Kauai Island. We also illustrate and describe in detail the aquatic case-bearing larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa. Despite having similar ecologies as algae and lichen grazers at and below the water line of streams, prior research indicates that species with each case type constitute an independent lineage, with terrestrial sister taxa, and therefore the different groups of species bearing unique case types each represent an independent aquatic invasion. The case-bearing larvae often occur sympatrically, and on Kauai even species with similar case-types occur together, suggesting complex patterns of speciation and either past periods of isolation or sympatric speciation. Phylogenetic analysis of 2243 base pairs from two nuclear and one mitochondrial gene for 18 species confirm that each species is endemic to a single volcano, and that morphological divergence within case-types has not been dramatic. Diversification has been complex, and superficially similar case type lineages are not all monophyletic. Kauai, the oldest but smallest of the major high islands, supports more species in the aquatic guild than any other island, thus island age, rather than size, may be important in generating diversity in this group. {\textcopyright} 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 162, 15{\textendash}42.}, keywords = {adaptive radiation, aquatic, CAD, COI, Cosmopterigidae, EF1 alpha, ENDEMIC, Gelechioidea, HAWAII, Hyposmocoma, LEPIDOPTERA, Microlepidoptera, mtDNA, nuclear, Pacific Insects, Phylogeny}, isbn = {1096-3642}, author = {Schmitz, Patrick and Rubinoff, Daniel} } @article {203, title = {Multiple aquatic invasions by an endemic, terrestrial Hawaiian moth radiation}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {107}, number = {13}, year = {2010}, note = {10.1073/pnas.0912501107}, pages = {5903-5906}, abstract = {Insects are the most diverse form of life on the planet, dominating both terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, yet no species has a life stage able to breath, feed, and develop either continually submerged or without access to water. Such truly amphibious insects are unrecorded. In mountain streams across the Hawaiian Islands, some caterpillars in the endemic moth genus are truly amphibious. These larvae can breathe and feed indefinitely both above and below the water{\textquoteright}s surface and can mature completely submerged or dry. Remarkably, a molecular phylogeny based on 2,243 bp from both nuclear (elongation factor 1{\OE}{\textpm} and carbomoylphosphate synthase) and mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I) genes representing 216 individuals and 89 species of reveals that this amphibious lifestyle is an example of parallel evolution and has arisen from strictly terrestrial clades at least three separate times in the genus starting more than 6 million years ago, before the current high islands existed. No other terrestrial genus of animals has sponsored so many independent aquatic invasions, and no other insects are able to remain active indefinitely above and below water. Why and how , an overwhelmingly terrestrial group, repeatedly evolved unprecedented aquatic species is unclear, although there are many other evolutionary anomalies across the Hawaiian archipelago. The uniqueness of the community assemblages of Hawaii{\textquoteright}s isolated biota is likely critical in generating such evolutionary novelty because this amphibious ecology is unknown anywhere else.}, keywords = {aquatic, Cosmopterigidae, ecology, EVOLUTION, Gelechioidea, HAWAII, Hyposmocoma, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, streams}, author = {Rubinoff, Daniel and Schmitz, Patrick} } @article {210, title = {New species of Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae) from the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands of Laysan, Necker, and Nihoa}, journal = {ZootaxaZootaxaZootaxa}, number = {2272}, year = {2009}, note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 509MKTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 10Schmitz, Patrick Rubinoff, Daniel}, pages = {37-53}, type = {Article}, abstract = {The endemic Hawaiian cosmopterigid moth genus Hyposmocoma Butler, 1881 contains 315 described species, making it one of the Archipelago{\textquoteright}s most diverse radiations. However, only one species was previously described as endemic to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI), and prior taxonomic work in the region has been problematic. The NWHI represent a series of much older island remnants and atolls that were formerly high islands of much greater diversity. Systematic relationships within and between Hyposmocoma on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands may have implications for understanding not only the biogeography of Hyposmocoma but of Hawaiian radiations in general. We describe eight new species of Hyposmocoma endemic to the NWHI: H. laysanensis sp. nov. and H. ekemamao sp. nov. from Laysan Island, H. opuumaloo sp. nov. and H. mokumana sp. nov. from Necker Island, and H. nihoa sp. nov., H. kikokolu sp. nov., H. menehune sp. nov., and H. papahanau sp. nov. from Nihoa Island. This work represents the first inclusive taxonomic treatment of Hyposmocoma in the NWHI and may serve as a basis for studies both of Hyposmocoma, and broader biogeographic research on the NWHI.}, keywords = {Cosmopterigidae, Gelechioidea, HAWAII, Hyposmocoma, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, Phylogeny, radiation}, isbn = {1175-5326}, author = {Schmitz, P. and Rubinoff, D.} } @article {133, title = {A new species of flightless, jumping, alpine moth of the genus Thyrocopa from Hawaii (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae: Xyloryctinae)}, journal = {ZootaxaZootaxa}, volume = {1830}, year = {2008}, pages = {57-62}, abstract = {A new species of brachypterous, flightless, jumping alpine Thyrocopa moth, T. kikaelekea, is described from Hawaii Island. This new species is similar to T. apatela (Walsingham), another flightless species from Maui Island. Thyrocopa kikaelekea is hypothesized not to be the sister taxon to T. apatela, instead representing an independent loss of flight.}, keywords = {description, flightlessness, Gelechioidea, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Oecophoridae, Pacific Insects, Thyrocopa, Xyloryctidae}, author = {Medeiros, M.J.} } @article {135, title = {Habitat dictates the evolution of flightlessness in a radiation of Hawaiian moths (Thyrocopa: Xyloryctidae)}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {Although the ability to fly confers benefits to most insects, some taxa have become secondarily flightless. Insect flightlessness may be more likely to evolve in environments such as islands and other windswept and alpine areas, but this prediction has rarely been tested while controlling for phylogenetic effects. Here we present a phylogeny for the endemic Hawaiian Lepidoptera genus Thyrocopa, which has two flightless species that occur in alpine areas on Maui and Hawaii islands, and other volant species that live in below-alpine areas. We also explore patterns of inter-island colonization in Thyrocopa, and present the first Hawaiian study to sample a genus from nine islands. The phylogeny is composed of 63 individuals sequenced for portions of COI, EF1α, and wingless, for a total of 1964 base pairs.Results: Our results indicate that two independent invasions of alpine habitats with concomitant loss of flight have occurred in Thyrocopa. Conclusions: Loss of flight ability has evolved in a short period of geologic time in Thyrocopa, perhaps as a result of cold temperatures, high winds, and/or a lack of predation pressure. However, several other Thyrocopa species that live on small islands with consistently high winds, such as Necker and Nihoa islands, retain the ability to fly. }, keywords = {BIOGEOGRAPHY, dispersal, flightlessness, Gelechioidea, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Oecophoridae, Pacific Insects, Phylogeny, Phylogeography, Thyrocopa, Xyloryctidae}, author = {Medeiros, M. J. and Gillespie, R. G.} } @article {136, title = {Notes on Hawaiian micro-Lepidoptera}, journal = {The Entomologist{\textquoteright}s Monthly MagazineThe Entomologist{\textquoteright}s Monthly Magazine}, volume = {20}, year = {1883}, note = {Carposina (Heterocrossa) achroana, Thyrocopa}, pages = {31-36}, keywords = {Carposinidae, Gelechioidea, HAWAII, LEPIDOPTERA, Oecophoridae, Pacific Insects, TORTRICIDAE}, author = {Meyrick, E.} } @article {75, title = {Curatorial Report on the Midway Arthropod Collection}, journal = {Hawaii Biological SurveyHawaii Biological Survey}, volume = {Contribution No. 2003-020}, year = {2003}, note = {unpublished report?}, pages = {10 p.}, abstract = {The following is a detailed description of the Midway arthropod collection currently housed at Bishop Museum, including its current level of curation and the conditions under which it is maintained. The list of available specimens is largely in agreement with the list of taxa supplied by Gordon Nishida in 1998. Missing taxa likely represent specimens known only by singletons or specimens currently out on loan. Counts include specimens collected in 1997 and 1998, and 2000. In the course of compiling this list twonew records for Midway have been discovered. One of these species appears to be new to Hawaii.}, keywords = {Bactra, Blattodea, Coleoptera, Cosmopterygidae, Crambidae, Crocidosema, Dermaptera, DIPTERA, distribution, EULOPHIDAE, Formicidae, Gelechioidea, Geometridae, HAWAII, Hemiptera, HYMENOPTERA, Ichneumonidae, insects, Isoptera, LEPIDOPTERA, Noctuidae, Nymphalidae, Odynerus, Oecophoridae, Olethreutinae, Pacific Insects, Pacific Islands, Pheidole, Plutellidae, Polistes, Psocoptera, Pterophoridae, Sphingidae, Tineidae, TORTRICIDAE, Vespidae}, author = {Gonsalves, T.M.} }