@article {221, title = {The biology, host range, parasites, and hyperparasites of koa seed insects in Hawaii: a review}, journal = {Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological SocietyProceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society}, volume = {24(2/3)}, year = {1983}, pages = {317-326}, keywords = {Acacia koa, Anthribidae, Araecerus, Coleoptera, Cryptophlebia, CYDIA, DIADEGMA, EULOPHIDAE, Eupelmus, fabaceae, Grapholitini, HAWAII, HYMENOPTERA, Ichneumonidae, LEPIDOPTERA, Olethreutinae, Pacific Insects, PARASITISM, PRISTOMERUS, TORTRICIDAE}, author = {Stein, J. D.} } @article {222, title = {Insects associated with Acacia koa seed in Hawaii}, journal = {Environmental EntomologyEnvironmental Entomology}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, year = {1983}, note = {Parasitoids reared: Pristomerus hawaiiensis, Diadegma blackburni, Gelis tenellus, Euderus cushmani (from Araecerus), and an unidentified Eulophid [Euderus metallicus?], }, pages = {299-302}, abstract = {Acacia koa sites on the five major islands were sampled the during 1978 growing season to determine the presence and damage potential of insects and diseases infesting koa seeds. Relative abundance of the most prevalent insects was 62.3\% for the koa haole see weevil, Araecerus levipennis, 20.6\% for the bruchid Stator limbatus, and 13.2\% for the endemic koa seedworm, Cryptophlebia illepida. Other insects recovered included Stator pruininus, Cydia rufipennis, and Cydia sp. The ichneumonid Pristomerus hawaiiensis was the most abundant parasite associated with seed insects. Collectotrichum gloeosporioides was the only disease organism identified from koa seeds collected as sample sites}, keywords = {Acacia koa, Anthribidae, Araecerus, Bruchidae, Coleoptera, Cryptophlebia, CYDIA, DIADEGMA, EUDERUS, EULOPHIDAE, EUPELMIDAE, Eupelmus, fabaceae, Gelis, Grapholitini, HAWAII, HYMENOPTERA, Ichneumonidae, LEPIDOPTERA, Olethreutinae, Pacific Insects, PARASITISM, PRISTOMERUS, Stator, TORTRICIDAE}, author = {Stein, J. D.} } @article {17, title = {Parasitism of Cydia spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on Sophora chrysophylla (Fabaceae) along an elevation gradient of dry subalpine forest on Mauna Kea, Hawaii}, journal = {Pan-Pacific EntomologistPan-Pacific Entomologist}, volume = {78}, number = {2}, year = {2002}, note = {Times Cited: 4}, pages = {101-109}, abstract = {The biology and ecological importance of Hawaiian endemic Cydia spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) are poorly known. Cydia larvae are an important food to palila, an endangered Hawaiian bird that inhabits Sophora woodlands on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. We quantified Cydia larval abundance in seeds of Sophora chrysophylla Salisbury (Fabaceae) and larval mortality caused by parasitism. Four new host plant associations are reported: C. crassicornis [Walsingham], C. falsifalcella [Walsingham], C. obliqua [Walsingham], and C. storeella [Walsingham]. Four parasitoid wasp species were consistently reared from larval Cydia: Calliephialtes grapholithae [Cresson], Diadegma blackburni [Cameron], Pristomerus hawaiiensis Perkins (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and Euderus metallicus [Ashmead] (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The three Ichneumonidae appear to be accidental introductions, while E. metallicus is likely to be native to Hawaii. Parasitism rates by all four wasps combined decreased with elevation from 94\% at 1800 m to 20\% at 2700 m.}, keywords = {BIRDS, CALLIEPHIALTES, CONSERVATION, CYDIA, DIADEGMA, EUDERUS, EULOPHIDAE, HAWAII, HYMENOPTERA, Ichneumonidae, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, PALILA, PARASITISM, PRISTOMERUS, TORTRICIDAE}, isbn = {0031-0603}, author = {Brenner, G. J. and Oboyski, P. T. and Banko, P. C.} }