@article {203,
	title = {Multiple aquatic invasions by an endemic, terrestrial Hawaiian moth radiation},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {107},
	number = {13},
	year = {2010},
	note = {10.1073/pnas.0912501107},
	pages = {5903-5906},
	abstract = {Insects are the most diverse form of life on the planet, dominating both terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, yet no species has a life stage able to breath, feed, and develop either continually submerged or without access to water. Such truly amphibious insects are unrecorded. In mountain streams across the Hawaiian Islands, some caterpillars in the endemic moth genus are truly amphibious. These larvae can breathe and feed indefinitely both above and below the water{\textquoteright}s surface and can mature completely submerged or dry. Remarkably, a molecular phylogeny based on 2,243 bp from both nuclear (elongation factor 1{\OE}{\textpm} and carbomoylphosphate synthase) and mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I) genes representing 216 individuals and 89 species of reveals that this amphibious lifestyle is an example of parallel evolution and has arisen from strictly terrestrial clades at least three separate times in the genus starting more than 6 million years ago, before the current high islands existed. No other terrestrial genus of animals has sponsored so many independent aquatic invasions, and no other insects are able to remain active indefinitely above and below water. Why and how , an overwhelmingly terrestrial group, repeatedly evolved unprecedented aquatic species is unclear, although there are many other evolutionary anomalies across the Hawaiian archipelago. The uniqueness of the community assemblages of Hawaii{\textquoteright}s isolated biota is likely critical in generating such evolutionary novelty because this amphibious ecology is unknown anywhere else.},
	keywords = {aquatic, Cosmopterigidae, ecology, EVOLUTION, Gelechioidea, HAWAII, Hyposmocoma, LEPIDOPTERA, Pacific Insects, streams},
	author = {Rubinoff, Daniel and Schmitz, Patrick}
}
@article {69,
	title = {Multiple origins of a spider radiation in Hawaii},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {91(6)},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {2290-2294},
	abstract = {The Hawaiian Islands are renowned for some of the most spectacular species radiations in the world. Most of these radiations have been attributed to single colonization events, although the evidence supporting monophyletic origins is often poorly resolved and/or ambiguous. Without a concrete understanding of the origins of species radiations, it is impossible to understand the phylogenetic pattern of species proliferation or the spectrum of morphological, ecological, and behavioral modifications attributable to a single colonist. In this study we examined the species radiation of the spider genus Tetragnatha in Hawaii. Unlike their mainland congeners, the Hawaiian Tetragnatha are extremely diverse in morphology, ecology, and behavior. We tested whether this diversity arose from a single or multiple colonization events. We coupled morphological (37 characters) and molecular (sequence from the 12S ribosomal subunit of mitochondrial DNA) approaches to assess the phylogenetic position of the Hawaiian Tetragnatha relative to continental congeners and to examine evidence for monophyly. We provide evidence that the Hawaiian Tetragnatha emanate from multiple origins. At least two independent species radiations, the "spiny-leg" clade and the web-building species Tetragnatha stelarobusta and Tetragnatha acuta, have arisen from one or more founder events. Two additional natural colonizations have resulted in the establishment of non-speciose lineages, as represented by Tetragnatha hawaiensis and Doryonychus raptor.},
	keywords = {12S, adaptive radiation, HAWAII, molecular phylogeny, morphology, Pacific Insects},
	author = {Gillespie, R. G. and Croom, H.B. and Palumbi, S. R.}
}
