@inbook {109,
	title = {Biogeography},
	booktitle = {Atlas of Hawai{\textquoteright}i. 3rd edition},
	year = {1998},
	note = {from Price \& Clague (2002): "Juvik (1998) estimated the frequency of colonization for different groups of organisms using the time since the formation of Kure and estimated numbers of colonists that led to the present biota: once in 98 000 years for plants, once in 68 000 years for insects and less than once in 1 Myr for birds. These should be considered net rates, however, since many lineages (the progeny of colonization events), even if resident for millions of years, have undoubtedly become extinct within this period. The actual colonization rate is certainly higher but cannot be estimated due to an unknown extinction rate for lineages."from pages 103-106 (in Juvik 1998): "How often were the Hawaiian Islands colonized by these various means? Researchers have estimated that the roughly 1,000 species of native flowering plants found in Hawaii today eveolved from perhaps 275 immigrants, while as many as 10,000 endemic insect species descended from about 350-400 original colinizers. (Native species occurring in only a limited area are termed endemic). Assuming a time span of 27 million years (the approximate age of Midway, the oldest extant island in the Hawaiian chain), we can estimate the rate of colonization for plants as one species every 98,000 years, and for insects one species every 68,000 years. For the native birds, which evolved from as few as 20 original immigrants, less than one successful colonization event occurred every million years. These very low immigration rates underscore the biological significance of Hawaii{\textquoteright}s extreme geographic isolation."},
	publisher = {University of Hawaii Press},
	organization = {University of Hawaii Press},
	address = {Honolulu},
	keywords = {BIOGEOGRAPHY, COLONIZATION, HAWAII, Pacific Insects},
	author = {Juvik, J. O.},
	editor = {Juvik, S.P. and Juvik, J. O.}
}
