@article {179,
	title = {Detrimental effects of two widespread invasive ant species on weight and survival of colonial nesting seabirds in the Hawaiian Islands},
	journal = {Biological InvasionsBiological Invasions},
	volume = {11},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	note = {10.1007/s10530-008-9233-2},
	pages = {289-298},
	abstract = {Invasive ants are a significant conservation concern and can have far-reaching effects in ecosystems they invade. We used the experimental control of ant numbers on two pairs of small (\&lt;5\&nbsp;ha) offshore islets dominated by either the big-headed ant, Pheidole megacephala or the tropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata to investigate the influence of these species on seabird hatching success, fledging success and weight. Limited unpublished observations of both ant species attacking nesting seabirds exist, but the frequency of attacks or how they affect seabird growth and survival are unknown. Island-wide treatments with hydramethylnon resulted in the eradication of P. megacephala and the temporary reduction of S. geminata densities. No difference in hatching success, growth, or fledging success of Wedge-tailed Shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus), a common colonial nesting seabird in the Hawaiian Islands was observed on the pair of islets dominated by P. megacephala. On islets dominated by S. geminata, ant control resulted in a temporary increase in fledging success. Injury frequency increased dramatically on the untreated islet (8.3{\textendash}100\%) while remaining the same on the treated islet (27{\textendash}38\%). Severely injured chicks (i.e., chicks that lost \&gt;20\% of tissue on their feet) weighed significantly less than uninjured chicks and did not fledge. It is unclear if the chicks were being preyed upon or stung in defense of nearby ant colonies. Radical changes in invasive ant populations have been noted, and booming ant populations could cause short-term, but widespread damage to seabird colonies. The negative effects of invasive ants on seabirds may be difficult to detect, and therefore unknown or underestimated throughout the world where the two groups overlap.},
	keywords = {ants, BIRDS, Formicidae, HAWAII, HYMENOPTERA, invasive species, Pacific Insects},
	author = {Plentovich, Sheldon and Hebshi, Aaron and Conant, Sheila}
}
